The Prevent Strategy tasks the British education sector with preventing radicalisation and extremism. It defines extremism as opposition to fundamental British Values and requires schools to promote these values and refer students and staff believed to be vulnerable to radicalisation. Little research examining the enactment of the Prevent and British Values curriculum has included students. To fill this gap, we investigated how students, teachers and Prevent/British Values trainers engage with this curriculum by conducting individual interviews in two multicultural secondary schools in England, framing the study in recent work on colour-blindness. We found that whilst multiculturalism was celebrated, discussion about everyday structural racism was avoided. Critical thinking was performed strategically, and classrooms were securitised as sites for identifying potential safeguarding referrals. Moral education, colour-blindness and safeguarding intersected to negate racialised experiences, whilst exposing students and teachers to racialised Prevent referrals.
Objective The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and investigate factors associated with dysmenorrhic pain among university students in Lahore, Pakistan. Design and Setting A cross-sectional study was conducted across various public and private sector universities in Lahore. Methods A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 600 randomly selected female university students. Results The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 91.5%. Age at menarche [OR (95%Cl) = 1.96 (1.10-3.50)] was the only significant factor associated with dysmenorrhea. Mean score of pain severity among dysmenorrhic students was 5.62±2.28. Most of the participants (65.8%) were experiencing moderate/severe pain. Univariate analysis showed that irregular cycle [OR (95%Cl) = 1.62 (1.13-2.33)], age at menarche of ≤ 14 years [OR (95%Cl) = 1.46 (1.05-2.04)], duration of menses of more than 5 days [OR (95%Cl) =1.42 (1.02-1.99)], stress [OR (95%Cl) = 2.16 (1.54-3.03)], moderate meat/protein consumption [OR (95%Cl) = 1.55 (1.08-2.21)], and medical specialization [OR (95%Cl) = 1.72 (1.17-2.52)] were the significantly associated with pain severity among dysmenorrhic female students. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that medical specialization [OR (95%Cl) = 1.83 (1.22-2.73)], age at menarche [OR (95%Cl) = 0.603 (0.42-0.86)], regularity of menses [OR (95%Cl) = 1.52 (1.04-2.22)], moderate meat/protein consumption [OR (95%Cl) = 1.69 (1.16-2.45) and stress [OR (95%Cl) = 1.87 (1.32-2.66)] were independent predictor of moderate/severe dysmenorrhic pain. Conclusion The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among university students. High levels of stress and early menarche were the potent determinants of moderate/severe dysmenorrhea that disturb the quality of life.
When this project that has become Global Policy: Next Generation first began, it was based on a very simple premise that there existed a dearth of clear avenues for early career researchers to gain advice, guidance, and support in developing their research for publication. The initial meetings of the Global Policy North committee were presented with the basis for a new platform by Dr Eva-Maria Nag and the late Professor David Held, who germinated the idea of not only creating a new journal for early career researchers, but also for establishing and sustaining an editorial ethos which was driven by the aim of providing constructive feedback and guidance on early stage research papers in order to assist authors in developing their work. That this platform has now reached the stage where the first edition of GPNG is ready to be published is a testament to their perseverance and vision. This edition also speaks to the tenacity and drive of the outstanding early career researchers who have embraced the project, and the at times burdensome nature of editorial feedback, to develop and produce some truly innovative research papers that sow the seeds for further debate, analysis, and progress on global issues.As an editorial team we set out with the aim of showcasing academic research which not only makes a theoretical impact, but also has practical value for policy makers. As such, the research contributions made in the first edition of GPNG engage with some of the most pressing issues of our time. From exploring new manifestations of traditional interstate conflicts and diplomacy, to conceptualising new frontiers of global existential threats and cooperation, the research in this issue aims to empirically and theoretically push the boundaries of global policy thinking.Takamitsu Hadano's research article, for example, engages with the ongoing conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine. The author has developed a novel approach to understanding both the difficulties and opportunities that exist in the challenges to multilateralism in the modern world. By recognising the intricate, and at times contradictory nature of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, Hadano's framework proposes peacekeeping activities as a long-term solution. In a return to the basics approach, Hadano explains how peacekeeping can not only develop security on the ground, but also instil a 'we-feeling' among the belligerent nations involved in the conflict.Moving from traditional conflict to cooperation, Anastasia Ufimsteva's article develops and shapes a new theoretical model for thinking about the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the relationship between recipient state actions and state-run investment vehicles. This approach opens up new opportunities for both academic research and policy makers to conceptualise and shape our understanding of how FDI of the future will be perceived, as well as providing a window into how future global routes of investment may be directed.Staying with the theme of cooperation, Ilan Manor and Elad Segev's research...
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