Blood transfusion is a common practice in hospitals. In many diseases, transfusion of red blood cells can be a life-saving measure. Knowing the blood group phenotypes of the donors in any population is important to improve health care services and to better serve patients. We aimed to determine the blood group phenotypes of the regular donors visiting the main blood donation center in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 500 regular blood donors were included, and blood group antigens were tested using serologic methods. Major blood group systems included in this testing were ABO, Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, Lewis, Lutheran, MNS, and P1PK. The most prevalent ABO/D blood type was group O, D+ (29.6%), with the most prevalent phenotype in the Rh blood group system reported as R 1 r (34.4%). In the Kell system, the K-k+ phenotype was reported in 92.4 percent of individuals tested. The rare Duffy null phenotype, Fy(a-b-), was reported in 11.0 percent of the cohort. Most donors (99.0%) were Lu(b+). In the Lewis system, the phenotype Le(a-b+) was seen in 61.8 percent of the donors. MNS system phenotypes were comparable to the reports from Saudi Arabia and India, with M+N+S-s+ being the most prevalent (21.2%). The prevalence of many major blood group phenotypes in the UAE blood donor population showed similarities to results from populations in neighboring countries, but other phenotype prevalences were unique to this population. This finding can be used to build a blood group registry for the local population that can better serve hospitals' transfusion requirements.
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Objective. To determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Serratia spp isolated from various clinical specimens. Study Design and Settings: A descriptive cross-sectional study on antibiotic resistance profile of Serratia spp isolated from various clinical specimens was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from 1st July 2017 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: 464 clinical specimens yielding growth of Serratia spp were included in the study. Serratia spp were identified by using Standard Microbiological procedures. Modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used for Antibiotic Susceptibility testing. The clinical data was analyzed prospectively from July 2017 to June 2021 for a period of 4 years. The spectrum of diseases caused by Serratia spp along with resistance profiles were analyzed. . Data obtained was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: High yield of this bug was obtained from pus and tissue specimens 150 (32%).130(28%) isolates were retrieved from blood cultures, whereas respiratory specimens contributed to 89(19 %) isolates of Serratia spp. According to the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, 154 (33.3%) isolates were sensitive to Meropenem, 150(32.2%) were susceptible to Doxycycline and 118 (25.5%) to Amikacin, making them the preferred antibiotics to be used in our setup. Conclusion: Serratia marcescens isolates are increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Clinical isolates of Serratia exhibited highest resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin and Piperacillin/tazobactam
Objective: To determine the frequency, risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Burkholderia cepacia isolates from clinical specimens in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional Study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2017 to Jun 2021. Methodology: The Burkholderia cepacia strains were isolated from clinical samples by routine microbiological methods. In our laboratory, the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolate were made by API 20NE and VITEK-2 Automated Microbiology Analyzer. Results: Four hundred and nineteen (419) str5-ains of Burkholderia cepacia were isolated during the study period. Among them,277(66.1%) and 57(13.6%) isolates were from blood cultures and lower respiratory tracts, respectively. The antibiotic-resistant rates of the isolates of Minocycline, Cotrimoxazole, Levofloxacin, Meropenem, and Ceftazidime were 13(3.1%), 26(6.2%), 49(11.6%),74(17.6%) and 118(28.16%) respectively. Conclusion: We observed a gradual increase in the frequency of isolation. A surge in antimicrobial resistance was also seen during the study period underscoring the need for rigorous implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control practices.
The polluted air factor is strong with the passage of time and its impact can easily be assessed by observing the related data. This research is designed to understand to what extent air pollution will contribute to deaths and DALYs in SARRC countries. Death and DALYs rates in SARRC countries due to air pollution are positively perceived. This study used time series and machine learning methods for forecasting deaths and DALYs caused by air pollution using machine learning techniques such as ARIMA, Exponential Smoothing, and Neural Network. Overall analysis shows that Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution (Ambient PM Pollution) and Ambient Ozone Pollution have an upward and Household Air Pollution (HAP) has a downward trend. The upward trend is an alarming factor for all the stakeholders. On the other, the downward trend means it is losing its intensity due to better behavior of people.
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