The research uses a descriptive experimental methodology based on the study of the experiences of countries to benefit from them as an applied method of transition to the green economy in the project of a new city in Samawah. The use of analyzing developmental potentials method, the SWOT model and the spatial interaction of the reality of the situation Using modern GIS technologies have also been employed. The first section dealt with the conceptual framework of the green economy and its importance and comparison with the conventional economy, sustainable development, its goals and the obstacles it faces in attempting to understand the relationship between them and extract indicators, as well as shed light on the challenges facing the transition to a green economy and the achievement of sustainable development. Then, in the third section, the study shall be carried out in such a way as to develop the potential for the reality of the situation in the target area and to employ them to achieve the desired results a for the establishment of the proposed city in Samawah.
4D seismic has been utilised on several fields for improved reservoir monitoring and management. There have been ongoing efforts to incorporate 4D seismic interpretation results as standard monitoring parameters and encouraging results have been achieved for the integration of this data for reservoir dynamic analysis. This paper presents new methodologies and applications for the use of 4D seismic monitoring inferences as history match indicators for different dynamic realisations. Matching the historical performance of a reservoir is a time-consuming task with a non-unique solution and hence the inherent uncertainty questions the credibility of forecasted results. Experimental design workflows take into account the influence of multiple parameters and their inter-dependency to assess the impact of the uncertainties on business decisions. The history match quality of a range of realisations has generally been assessed in terms of water breakthrough times, pressures, production rates, FPWD (formation pressure while drilling) data and other monitoring measurements such as PLT (production logging tool) data. As 4D seismic acquisition is becoming a standard monitoring technology for many fields, efforts have been devoted to obtain increased benefit from this data for the history matching process and it is now being used to assess the history match quality of a range of dynamic realisations and improve the response surface modelling. The monitoring parameters obtained from 4D seismic are case-specific. A turbidite water-flood field is considered here and the match of the simulated vs. observed flood-fronts from 4D seismic are used as a new parameter amongst others to assess the history match of multiple simulation runs. The flood-fronts are obtained as 3D geobodies from 4D seismic attribute interpretation. The interpretations are validated with geology and analytical integration with dynamic data. This validation process is considered essential for the effective application of this methodology. These workflows show promising results of including 4D seismic based history match indicators and hence hold potential to facilitate the geological model update loop as well as 4D seismic assisted/automated history matching approaches.
The Enfield oil field, on Australia's Greater North-West Shelf, has now produced over 50 million barrels of oil. The field is a water flood development with both downdip and updip water injection wells. Faults and baffles within the reservoir create a complex dynamic system that can only be understood with the integration of 4D seismic data. Monitor surveys in 2007 and 2008 have made major contributions to reservoir management and identification of infill drilling opportunities.This paper highlights the value of fully integrating 4D seismic into reservoir management, and the rationale for sidetracking a water injector well at short notice to provide pressure support to the field's largest producing oil well. Oil production from this well was dropping rapidly and the need to improve pressure support was clearly evident. It only became clear how best to achieve this upon delivery of new 4D results.The reservoir model directed attention towards insufficient water injection downdip and the opportunity to sidetrack these injection wells closer to the production wells was under consideration. However, results of the December 2008 4D monitor survey became available at this time, and indicated a reservoir baffle between the oil producer and the downdip injectors, which diverts water away from the producer. Thus improving injectivity at these downdip water injector wells would have had little impact on the failing producer.The 4D seismic data also indicated that water from a key updip injector was being deflected away from the producer. The difference here was that the baffle was close to the water injector and not the oil producer. The opportunity to sidetrack this water injector across the baffle was rapidly progressed, with the injector sidetrack drilled and completed in mid 2009. Pressure support at the oil producer was seen within days of commencing injection in the sidetracked well. Revenue from increased oil production paid back the cost of the injector sidetrack and the 4D monitor survey within two months of startup. The involvement of all subsurface disciplines was a key success factor in the outcome.
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