This study aimed to detect the incidence, etiology, risk factors, and severity of nosocomial diarrhea among adult inpatients in a medical ward in Iraq. The study was conducted among patients admitted to the medical ward from June 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020, in AL-Sader medical city. The surveillance for nosocomial diarrhea was performed by monitoring every patient in the ward 3 times/week. 1050 patients were admitted to the medical ward in AL-Sader medical city. Of these, 52 patients (mean age 58±12.91 years, range 32 to 80) developed new-onset diarrhea during hospitalization. There was a significant relationship between the severity of diarrhea and age, residence, antibiotic use, including number and duration of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents (steroids/chemotherapy), duration of hospital stay, level of consciousness, and enema use. Nosocomial diarrhea is a significant clinical problem that complicates about 5% of all admission in the medical ward. Various microorganisms account for nosocomial diarrhea, including E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Candida. Several risk factors associated with the severe form of nosocomial diarrhea include old age, antibiotic use, immunosuppressive use, and length of hospital stay.

The aim: To research the association of H. pylori infection in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Materials and method: In this case control study, 43 patients with IBS (13 males and 30 females) diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria and other 43 controls where included, the patients and control are matched to the gender and age which ranged from 18 to55 years, the study groups were referred to perform a stool antigen test for H. pylori. Results: Presence of H. pylori was compared between patients with IBS and controls using chi-square test. There was signi"cant correlation between the presence of H. pylori and IBS, chi-square = 4.09, P-value = 0.043. The odd ratio for patients with H. pylori to have IBS was 2.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.02- 6.29). There is no signi"cant relationship between type of IBS and presence of H. pylori, chi-square = 2.87, P-value = 0.238. There is no signi"cant relationship between the presence of H. pylori and age, BMI, gender, occupation, or marital state. Conclusions: Results of our study had shown an association of H. pylori infection in patients with IBS, which may propose a link of this infection in IBS pathophysiology.