The measurement of the thermal conductivity of the sawdust is one of the most difficult techniques due to its uniformed shape, by using this instrument, it gives the ability of measuring the thermal conductivity of the sawdust, without changing its physical properties, during the experiment, as well as, there are no necessity to use the additional materials in form of adhesive materials, that gives an identified shape of the specimen. In this study, wood sawdust is classified into three groups depending on the size of the wood pellets, namely; wo1≥1.18mm, 1.18>wo2>0.6mm and wo3≤0.6mm. To keep out the thermal properties of the sawdust as it is, no mechanical or chemical processes were carried out on sawdust specimens, such as compressing or bonding. The effect of moisture content on the thermal properties of sawdust is eliminated by drying the specimens, the procedure is carried out by heating it up to 100℃ for a 30 min. During this study, it can be seen that the thermal conductivity of all samples is inversely proportional to the working temperature. At a relatively low temperature less than 45℃, it can be said that the first model (wo1) has the lowest thermal conductivity while the differences in the thermal conductivity of the samples are insignificant when the temperature exceed 50℃, therefore; the first model (wo1) represents a good choice for flat plate solar collector insulation because it has the same activity as well as it is light and cheap.
The household batch reactor using cow manure as the substrate generates methane gas used as fuel. This paper presents two-dimensional (3D) axisymmetric using commercial COMSOL 5.5 Multiphysics software. This is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model based on conservation equations with the chemical reaction model of anaerobic digestion (AD) processes to investigate the influence of different horizontal circular extended surfaces augmented to the inside digesters on the performance of the anaerobic digestion. Using four batch digesters, D1 with no extended surfaces and D2, D3, and D4 have augmented with four horizontal circular extended surfaces of width 2,4 and 6 cm, respectively. The numerical results showed that the cow manure's velocity distribution depends on the chemical reaction's heat, which produces natural convection currents. Furthermore, the temperature and species profiles of the anaerobic digestion process depended on the extended surface area. The D4 has a maximum methane molar concentration, augmented with a higher extended surface area than other digesters. Simulation results agreed with the experimental literature results of various anaerobic digestion processes: for all cases, the mean absolute present error (MAPE) was less than 10%, which is acceptable.
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