FIGURE. Prevalence of provider recommendation for and offer of influenza vaccination* and influenza vaccination coverage † among women pregnant any time during October-January-Internet panel survey, United States, 2010-11 through 2016-17 influenza seasons

No abstract

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an uncommon but important cause of liver disease that can arise after exposure to a multitude of drugs and herbal and dietary supplements. The severity of idiosyncratic DILI varies from mild serum aminotransferase elevations to the development of severe liver injury that can progress to acute liver failure resulting in death or liver transplantation within days of DILI onset. Chronic liver injury that persists for more than 6 months after DILI onset is also becoming increasingly recognized in up to 20% of DILI patients. Host demographic (age, gender, race), clinical and laboratory features at DILI onset have been associated with the severity and outcome of liver injury in DILI patients. In addition to cessation of the suspect drug, other medical interventions including the use of N-acetylcysteine and corticosteroids in selected patients have shown some clinical benefit, but additional prospective studies are needed. A number of promising diagnostic, prognostic and mechanistic serum and genetic biomarkers may help improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of idiosyncratic DILI.

No abstract

Background Recently, amongst other hemostatic modalities, Hemospray (TC-325) has emerged as an effective method for managing patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of Hemospray in patients with non-variceal upper GIB. Methods Our primary outcomes were clinical and technical success; secondary outcomes were aggregate rebleeding, early rebleeding, delayed rebleeding, refractory bleeding, mortality, and treatment failure. A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted for all reported primary and secondary outcomes. A relative risk meta-analysis was conducted for studies reporting direct comparisons between Hemospray and other hemostatic measures. Results A total of 20 studies with 1280 patients were included in the final analysis. Technical success of Hemospray was seen in 97% of cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 94-98%, I 2 =52.89%) and a significant trend towards increasing technical success was seen during publication years 2011-2019. Clinical success of Hemospray was seen in 91% of cases (95%CI 88-94%, I 2 =47.72%), compared to 87% (95%CI 75-94%, I 2 =0.00%) for other hemostatic measures. The secondary outcomes of aggregate rebleeding, early rebleeding, delayed rebleeding, refractory rebleeding, mortality and treatment failure following the use of Hemospray were seen in 27%, 20%, 9%, 8%, 8%, and 31% of cases, respectively. Conclusion Hemospray is safe, effective and non-inferior to traditional hemostatic measures for the management of non-variceal upper GIB, and can thus be used as an alternative option.

No abstract

Polymer recycling and biodegradable polymeric materials are two major routes toward the sustainable development of polymer materials which contribute to the management of waste. In this regard, an eco-friendly approach is presented wherein a high reclaiming degree of ground tire rubber (GTR) was achieved by low-temperature oxidation under the swollen action of soybean oil. In situ reclaimed GTR with soybean oil was cured into a reactive plasticizer (RP) through a free-radical chain reaction between activated molecular rubber chains and soybean oil. During the curing process, degraded rubber chains were involved in synergistic reactions of recombination to strengthen bound rubber involved with the core–shell structure carbon black and grafting with soybean oil. RP was obtained by modification of highly reclaimed rubber to control leachable oils and to modulate the reaction. Reactive plasticizers are further explored as a multifunctional additive to styrene-butadiene rubber/silica compounds. Reactive plasticizers performed the following three functions toward styrene-butadiene rubber/silica compounds: (i) value-added rubber substitute; (ii) reinforcing filler with the increase in tensile strength maximum up to 112% approximately on account of bound rubber involved with the core–shell structure carbon black; and most importantly, as a (iii) reactive plasticizer.

No abstract