The present study attempted to understand how financial performance can be enhanced in the financial sector. Therein, the study worked to find out how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and organizational engagement can be used to predict financial performance. In addition, the study also tested the moderating role of organizational engagement on the relationship between CSR and financial performance. Managerial level employees from seven retail banks in Bahrain were sampled for the present study. The results of the structural equation modelling reported significant impact of CSR on financial performance. Accordingly, the study also reported significant relationship between organizational engagement and financial performance. Notably, the study also reported significant moderation of organizational engagement on the CSR and financial performance relationship. The study forwards notable implications for theory and practice followed by scope for future studies.

To compete with the market challenges, organizations including the banking organizations are concerned to enhance their organizational performance. Considering this phenomenon, this study proposes the conceptual framework representing the organizational factors namely, strategic orientation, organizational culture and organizational commitment influencing the organizational performance. Overall, five research propositions have been framed grounded on the relevant review of the pertinent literature and focused on the vision and current situation of the banking sector of Pakistan. This study also attempted to highlight the crucial role of strategic orientation and organizational culture that work as important organizational factors in implementing the organizational strategies and influence the organizational commitment, ultimately enhances the organizational performance. The proposed framework is underpinned by the resource-based view and social exchange theory. In addition, this study provides a better understanding of the underlying concepts and offer very useful insights for further research in

Article HistoryThe present study attempted to examine the role of work discretion and job clarity towards business performance followed by the moderation of employee engagement. Affected by business performance issues, three major banks in Pakistan were sampled for the present study. a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed amongst the employees of these banks in the metropolitan city of Karachi through using convenience sampling. Results from the structural equation modeling using Smart PLS 2.0 concluded significant positive relationship between work discretion and business performance. In parallel, the study also reported similar resulted pertaining to job clarity and business performance relationship. Notably, the study found significant moderation of employee engagement on the relationship between job clarity and business performance hence, partially supporting out moderation hypotheses. The present study forwards credible theoretical and practical implications. Contribution/ Originality:This study is one of the very few studies that have investigated the moderation of employee engagement. The study has empirically tested and outlined the significance of individual psychological work wellbeing towards fostering business performance in the financial sector.

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The engineering of agrochemicals and inorganic fertilizers indirectly facilitates the emissions of NO2 and CO2. The extensive use of pesticides and inorganic chemical fertilizers has drawn the world’s attention to green practices. Grounded on the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) theory, we investigated the effect of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on employees’ green behavior with the mediating role of psychological ownership. We applied the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to 279 responses acquired from the fertilizer manufacturing firm employees. The results show that GHRM practices (green competence building, green motivation enhancing, and green employee involvement practices) significantly improve employee green behavior. Additionally, GHRM practices enhance the sense of ownership of nature among employees due to which they involve themselves proactively in eco-friendly activities and behavior.

Market-orientation (MO) is not a very untouched research area, yet its application in universities is quite a recent phenomenon to execute marketing concept for a better value proposition. Various popular instruments including MARKOR and MKTOR have been used to assess MO in a variety of enterprise setups, but those measures turned out to be invalid in higher education context due to different goals and objectives of universities. Hence, the aim of this article is to validate a relatively more context-specific scale "UNIVERSITY MARKOR" in the developing countries like Pakistan that was initially developed and tested as relatively a better measure of university MO in some developed countries. Survey method was used in this study through the target population constituted by the university teachers and administrators. The proportionate systematic random sampling method was used to form a total sample of 476 respondents. For data analysis, the partial least squares (PLS) path modeling was utilized. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for this study established three dimensions of "UNIVERSITY-MARKOR" construct. The examination of internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity confirmed adequate psychometric properties for the UNIVERSITY-MARKOR construct. The results of this study are also consistent to the previous studies conducted in different contexts. Additional value may be complemented to this study if the pertinent future research may replicate it either in the private-sector universities. This study is therefore a source of support in developing countries to assist researchers and higher education authorities for better decision making.

This study investigated the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationships between organizational strategic orientation and organizational performance. Data were collected from 281 middle managers of the banking sector in Pakistan. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that strategic orientation and organizational culture have significant and positive impacts on the performance of the organization. Unexpectedly, organizational culture does not moderate the relationships between strategic orientation and performance. The findings of the study show that organizations that are strategically positioned as well as have a strong culture can be high-performing organizations. As there is a clear lack of research on the moderating effect of culture on the relationships between an organization’s strategic orientation and organizational performance, the current study fills this gap. Likewise, the present study highlights both practical and theoretical implications for the banking sector in Pakistan.

The aim of this study is to make a scientific contribution to understanding the relationship between SERVQUAL model and customer loyalty. The primary objective is to examine the composite relationship between SERVQUAL model and customer loyalty from the perspective of FMCG customers. The second objective is to investigate the relationship between each dimension of the SERVQUAL model in relation to customer loyalty. Through the self-rated survey, data was collected from the 400 walk-in customers of FMCG firms. Using PLS-SEM approach, the validation of SERVQUAL model was analyzed in relation to customer loyalty. Also, the influence of each dimension of service quality on customer loyalty was examined. The findings of primary objective revealed that the SERVQUAL model is significantly and positively linked to the customer loyalty. Further, the findings of the second objective revealed that each dimension of the SERVQUAL model has a significant relationship with the customer loyalty and depicts noteworthy contribution of service quality in literature. These findings suggest that SERVQUAL model is capable of being effectively used to evaluate the service quality in the FMCG market of Pakistan. Implications and future opportunities of the study are discussed.