Impact of vitamin E against mercuric chloride (HgCL2) induced renal toxicity in Wister albino rats was studied. Feeding of the rats with diet and water contaminated with a non lethal dose of the mercuric chloride (20 parts per million) every other day for 42 days resulted in significant increase of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an important biomarker of the oxidoreductive stress, and significant decline in each of the reduced glutathione (r-GSH) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activities, which constitute a vital part of the endogenous protective antioxidant system, as compared to the control group. The study found that the simultaneous oral co administration of vitamin E (as α-tocopherol acetate) 100 mg/kg B.W. every other day for 42 days along with mercuric chloride produced a cardinal protective effects against the development of the mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity. This can be through reversing the elevated oxidative stress; induced by the administration of the HgCL2. In conclusion serum biochemical and kidney histopathological findings of the current study highlight the beneficial effects of vitamin E in rats with HgCl2-mediated renal toxicity.
The identification of European leafminer Scaptomyza flava Fallen is depending on the morphological characters of larvae, pupae and adults of insects which were collected from three plants of Brassicaceae, i.e., mustard, watercress and radish. The specimens were collected by different methods including sweeping nets, sticking traps and hand picking, during the period from 2015-2018 in months of December, January, February and March. The first appearance of insect was in December 2015 on radish plant, the specimens were studied and identified at laboratories of science college, Basrah University, Iraq using taxonomical key. The specimens were sent to Natural History Museum of Baghdad University to be confirmed.
In search of novel anti-inflammatory agents, evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of a series of new isatin-carbamate derivatives (3a-d) have synthesized previously by condensation isatin(2,3-indolinendione) with piperidine(hexahydropyridine), hydrazine hydrate and Boc-amino acids respectively have evaluated by using fresh egg albumin induced paw edema method. Two sources of diclofenac sodium (Olfen, Germany origin and Almiral, LIMASSOL-CYPRUS origin) as an internal standard. A majority of the synthesized compounds were showing good anti-inflammatory activity and from comparisons of these compounds, compound 3a was found to exhibit the highest anti-inflammatory activity and the chemical structures have characterized previously by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Cardiac toxicity can occur during the therapy with several cytotoxic drugs, including 5- Fluorouracil (5- FU). It is an antimetabolite that acts during the S phase of the cell cycle and is activated by thymidine phosphorylase into fluorodeoxyuridylate (5 fluoro 2'deoxyuridine 5'monophosphate, 5-FdUMP) that inhibits thymidylate synthase, thus preventing DNA synthesis that leads to imbalanced cell growth and ultimately cell death. It is still a widely used anticancer drug, since 1957. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible cardio-protective effects of ethanolic artichoke extract (Cynara scolymus L.) against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced cardio-toxicity in rats by evaluating serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase enzymes. Methods: Twenty -four female albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups each group with 6 rats. Group I: (negative control) received oral daily dose of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (2 ml/kg /day) for 10 successive days. Group II: (positive control) received oral daily dose of DMSO (2 ml/kg /day) for 10 successive days and subsequently administered single dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection on 8th day in association with DMSO. Groups III: received oral daily dose of ethanolic artichoke extract (200 mg/kg/day) for 10 successive days. Groups IV: received oral daily dose of ethanolic artichoke extract (200 mg/kg/day) for 10 successive days with subsequently administered single intraperitoneal dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) on 8th day in association with ethanolic extract. Results: Treatment of ethanolic artichoke extract prior 5-FU intoxication significantly attenuate the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) enzymes activities caused by 5-FU-induced cardio-toxicity in rats. Conclusions: Results of the present finding suggest that the ethanolic artichoke extract may be an effective modulator in mitigating 5-FU induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Keywords: Ethanolic artichoke extract, 5-Fluorouracil, Cardio-protection, AST, ALT and CK.
This article includes a description of new series of 5-ethoxy-2-mercapto benzimidazole derivatives, synthesized and
evaluated for the anti-inflammatory activity; the synthesis involved the reaction of the parent nucleus (5-ethoxy-2-
mercapto benzimidazole) with different p-phenacyl bromide substituents. All the newly synthesized compounds were
screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by egg albumin-induced rat hind paw edema method.
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