Obesity is a complex condition due to accumulation of excess body fat that impairs human health. Obesity in childhood is a special concern causing development of multiple chronic conditions. Objective: To evaluate the problem of Childhood Obesity in girls of a primary school in Riyadh.Methodology: This study was cross-sectional. Participants were 408 mothers.Selected according to convenience. Electron questionnaire used for data collection. Data cleared, coded and entered through SPSS. Results: Overall mothers of 408 children aged 6-12 years old, obesity prevalence was 49.5%, significant results of child obesity was associated with mothers who suffer obesity 61%, mothers with educational level secondary school or lower 41%, less than normal birth weight or more than normal birth weight 64%, risk factors such as child eat larger amount of food 67.2%, child skips early morning breakfast 49%, child watches TV/electronic devices(more than 2 hours per day) 53% and child who experience stressful condition 86%. Conclusion:Mother's health status, occupation status, the level of their attitude and their awareness of obesity risk factors is strongly associated with their children obesity.
Background: Self-medication is defined as the selection of medicines by individuals to treat self-diagnosed ophthalmic symptoms without consultation of healthcare professionals. Topical steroids can produce severe eye-threatening complications, including the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) with possible development of glaucoma and infrequent optic nerve damage. In recent times, many over-the-counter (OTC) ophthalmic preparations are possible without a prescription. There are a lot of concerns about the safety of long-term use of nonprescription ophthalmic drugs, which may lead to a variety of serious ocular complications. Objective: To determine the prevalence of self-medication ocular topical steroid practices and associated factors among adult ophthalmic patients attending ophthalmology clinics at King Saud Medical City (KSMC) in Riyadh. Methods: A cross-sectional study targeted adults aged 18 or older who had used topical steroids eye drops. The data were collected through interviews, and an online questionnaire was distributed among patients who attended ophthalmology clinics between December 2022 and February 2023. Result: From a total of 308 responses, 92 (29.8%) were using ocular topical, 58 (18.8%) with a prescription, five (1.6%) without a prescription, and 29 (9.4%) with and without a prescription, while 216 (70.1%) did not use it. The frequency of using ocular topical steroids without a prescription among participants was 11 (12%) once and 33 (35%) many times. Additionally, 26 (28.3%) were having complications, mostly eye infections (11, 12.4%), glaucoma (8, 9%), and cataracts (6, 6.7%). The reasons for practicing self-medication of steroid eye drops among participants were 14 (15.2%) repeated symptoms, 11 (15.2%) had heard advice from friends, and 11 (15.2%) think they had enough knowledge. Conclusion: The study reported the use of self-medication with steroids in ophthalmology clinics at KSMC, even though detecting a high level of perception and acceptable practices among participants. This practice is mainly due to participants having repeated symptoms and thinking they have enough knowledge. Educating the patients would help in reducing the incidence of self-medication steroid eye drops and its associated complications.
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