Background: Direct determination of metal ions, in particular at ultra-trace concentration, cannot be easily achieved in complex systems by analytical techniques because of the lack of sensitivity and selectivity of these methods. Therefore, an efficient separation step is often required prior to the determination of metal ions for sensitive, accurate, and interference-free determination of metal ions. In accordance, a new solid phase extractor based on silica gel functionalized with ionic liquid (SG-N-PhenacylPyrNTf 2 ) was developed for a selective separation of La(III) prior to its determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Methods: Immobilization of the ionic liquid on activated silica gel surface was confirmed by both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The concentration of ionic liquid on the surface of activated silica gel was determined based on thermal desorption method. The uptake behavior of the new SG-N-PhenacylPyrNTf 2 adsorbent toward metal ions was studied under static conditions by batch mode. The supernatant concentrations of metal ions were directly determined after filtration by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results strongly confirmed the formation of SG-N-PhenacylPyrNTf 2 phase. Adsorption isotherm study revealed the preference of SG-N-PhenacylPyrNTf 2 over activated silica gel for a selective separation of La(III) prior to its determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Adsorption isotherm data were well fit the Langmuir adsorption model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 165.39 mg g −1 for La(III), which was consistent with that (167.08 mg g −1 ) experimentally obtained from adsorption isotherm study. Kinetic study demonstrated that the adsorption of La(III) on the SG-N-PhenacylPyrNTf 2 phase followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model.
Conclusions:Ultimately, the developed method can be applied and effectively utilized for the determination of La(III) in natural water samples with acceptable and reliable results.
In this study, an efficiently employed ionic liquid combined with commercially available silica gel (SG-ClPrNTf 2) was developed for selective detection of gold(III) by use of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The selectivity of SG-ClPrNTf 2 was evaluated towards seven metal ions, including Y(III), Mn(II), Zr(IV), Pb(II), Mg(II), Pd(II) and Au(III). Based on pH study and distribution coefficient values, the SG-ClPrNTf 2 phase was found to be the most selective towards Au(III) at pH 2 as compared to other metal ions. The adsorption isotherm of Au(III) on the SG-ClPrNTf 2 phase followed the Langmuir model with adsorption capacity of 59.48 mg g −1 , which was highly in agreement with experimental data of adsorption isotherm study. The kinetics study indicated that Au(III) adsorption kinetics data were well fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model on the basis of correlation coefficient fitting (0.996) and adsorption capacity agreement (62.26 mg g −1). Furthermore, SG-ClPrNTf 2 phase was effectively performed for the determination of Au(III) in real water samples with satisfactory results.
Cadmium belongs to the group of potentially toxic metals that have high health and environmental significance. Due to its adverse effects on the environment, this study develops an effective electrochemical sensor for detecting a polyaniline-multiwalled carbon nanotube-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (PANI-MWCNT-APTES) substrate cast on the GCE. The as-prepared PANI-MWCNT-APTES was prepared by a wet chemical method, and its formation was investigated using several techniques. As a result, the prepared material exhibited a limit of detection of 0.015 µM for cadmium ions (Cd2+) in the linear dynamic range of 0.05 µM to 50 µM. Furthermore, the PANI-MWCNT-APTES-modified GCE current response was stable, repeatable, reproducible, and short. In addition, PANI-MWCNT-APTES/GCE was harnessed for the first time for cadmium detection in real water samples, and the result was satisfactory. Therefore, the recorded results suggest that the newly designed PANI-MWCNT-APTES is a promising material for detecting Cd in the near future for human health and environmental protection.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.