Novel technologies have been developed recently for drug delivery systems. The use of herbal formulations for novel drug delivery systems is more advantageous and has more benefits compared to others. The use of liposome, ethosome, phytosomes, emulsion, microsphere, solid lipid nanoparticles of herbal formulation has enhanced the therapeutic effects of plant extracts. With the use of all these, targeted delivery of the formulation is achieved, due to which the formulation demonstrates effect on the site, and the bioavailability of the formulation is also increased. With these novel drug delivery systems, the actives and extracts which are used in herbal formulations demonstrate enhancement in stability, sustained release of formulation, protection from toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy. The main purpose of developing alternative drug delivery technologies is to increase efficiency of drug delivery and safety in the process of drug delivery and provide more convenience for the patient. The present paper includes information about novel formulations of herbal formulations.
In this paper, modified ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) for multipath routing using ant colony for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is presented. For this purpose, Ant-AODV is used for comparison with Ant-AOMDV. The idea behind the working of Ant-AODV and Ant-AOMDV is that the RREQ message packets are sent to single path in case of Ant-AODV based routing and to multiple paths in case of Ant-AOMDV based routing. RREQ message packets can be termed as pheromone in terms of standard algorithm of ACO used by the ants. Selecting the transmission path dynamically through regular updating of pheromone of transmission path expects to improve routing performance. Simulation results show that Ant-AOMDV algorithm outperforms Ant-AODV effectively in terms of packet delivery fraction, normal routing load and packet drop compared with AODV and AOMDV. The main goal is to reduce the routing overhead, congestion and increase the performance.
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