We present the case of a 50-year-old man with a large swelling on the left side of his face. He was diagnosed with intramuscular cysticercosis in the masseter muscle with surrounding phlegmon on high-resolution ultrasound and managed conservatively.

Patients with ARM should undergo a detailed general physical, systemic and radiological examination (infanto-gram, echocardiography, US of urogenital system) in neonatal period to detect associated anomalies in early period.

No abstract

We came across three rare cases of incarcerated hernia, with different presentations. The first case was an elderly female, who presented with an incarcerated incisional hernia on the right lower iliac region diagnosed on contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT); the contents were the small bowel and the perforated tip of the appendix. In the second case of inguinal incarcerated hernia, ultrasonography showed the inflammed appendix in the subcutaneous plane of the hernial sac, which is very rarely diagnosed pre-operatively and was confirmed during surgery. Inflammed appendix with gangrenous tip was found in the inguinal hernial sac. In yet another case of incarcerated inguinal hernia, the contents were a gangrenous part of the ascending colon and transverse colon, with the tip of the inflamed appendix--also only rarely observed. The colon extended to the scrotum in this case. We could find no description within the existing medical literature on either transverse or ascending colon as contents in inguinal hernia although transverse colon alone has been reported in four cases. The surgical options for dealing with the appendix in an Amyand's hernia depend on the mode of presentation. The presence of a normal appendix does not require an appendicectomy to be performed, but its removal is necessary if inflamed.

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is increasing worldwide and so are its consequences. Its oral manifestations are infrequent, occurring in approximately 3% of all cases. Although the primary lesion occurs as a pulmonary infection, the extrapulmonary infections have also shown an increase over the past few years. These infections generally involve the head and neck through haematogenous or lymphatic routes. The clinical presentation may be as an ulcer, granuloma, orofacial TB, TB of the salivary glands or tuberculous lymphadenitis. Rarely, secondary oral manifestations associated with pulmonary infection are seen, which can appear as lesions on the gingiva, palate, lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, frenulum and in the jaw bones. Owing to the rarity of orofacial TB, it seldom arouses clinical suspicion, especially when a positive history of a systemic infection or therapy is denied. Tuberculous involvement of the mandibular condyle is even rarer, and only two such cases are reported so far, both in English-language literature. Further, the diagnosis of such a case is extremely difficult as there are no specific signs pathogonomic of infection. The only manifestation may be a localized painful swelling of the jaw. The presented case is of osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle in a 20-year-old male patient in whom TB was later suspected. In this case report the role of diagnostic techniques is emphasized as the osteomyelitis of the condyle has the risk of being easily missed owing to its atypical signs and symptoms and atypical radiographic appearance. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2012) 41, 169-174. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/56238546 Keywords: tuberculosis; osteomyelitis; condyle Case reportA 20-year-old male patient presented with a gradually progressive swelling at the side of his face in front of the right ear for about 15 days (Figure 1). 2 months beforehand, there was a sudden onset of dull pain at the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region which aggravated during mouth opening; it was associated with reduced mouth opening. The patient's medical history was non-contributory. There was no history of any trauma to the TMJ region. He was moderately built and nourished, and afebrile at the time of examination. He otherwise reported weakness and malaise over the past month along with some weight loss. General physical and systemic examinations were unremarkable. All the vital signs were in normal range. He was a gutka chewer (a preparation of tobacco mixed with areca nut) and had chewed it 5-6 times a day for 3 years.Extraorally, a unilateral solitary swelling was seen at the right TMJ region measuring 1.5 6 1.5 cm in size. It was oval with normal overlying skin. On palpation, the swelling was firm, tender and non-fluctuant. There was a localized rise in temperature. Tenderness was elicited in the temporalis muscle of the same side with no obvious lymphadenopathy of the head and neck region. Intraorally, the buccal mucosa of the left side was opaque and blanched. There were no other significant findings. The occlusion w...

The ongoing Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed global political responses of unimaginable proportions. Many nations have implemented lockdowns that involve mandating citizens not to leave their residences for non-essential work. The Indian government has taken appropriate and commendable steps to curtail the community spread of COVID-19. While this may be extremely beneficial, this perspective discusses the other reasons why COVID-19 may have a lesser impact on India. We analyze the current pattern of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, testing, and mortality in India with an emphasis on the importance of mortality as a marker of the clinical relevance of COVID-19 disease. We also analyze the environmental and biological factors which may lessen the impact of COVID-19 in India. The importance of cross-immunity, innate immune responses, ACE polymorphism, and viral genetic mutations are discussed.

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a rare entity, and an uncommon type of abdominal wall hernia as far as the etiology is concerned. It is caused by blunt trauma and disrupts the fascial layers, but does not disrupt the elastic skin. In this study, we report the case of a 60-year-old female, diagnosed with traumatic abdominal wall hernia with delayed presentation. In this case, herniation of the bowels was present through the defect in the left iliac region. She was surgically well-managed. During the follow-up of 1 year, there was no recurrence. In the Western medical literature, only a few cases have been reported, especially with intra-abdominal injuries. Confusion still exists in the management of such a disease as to whether to treat the condition at an early or later stage.

To evaluate the incidence of anatomical variations in sinonasal area by nasal endoscopy and CT scan paranasal sinuses and to correlate the anatomical variations in sinonasal area with extent of disease. The present study was conducted on 40 patients of chronic sinusitis. All the patients underwent CT scan paranasal sinus axial and coronal view and nasal endoscopy. The most common anatomical variations were agger nasi cells (80 %), deviated nasal septum (72.5 %) and concha bullosa (47.5 %). Other anatomical variations seen in sinonasal region were uncinate process variations, paradoxical middle turbinate, haller cells, accessory ostia of maxillary sinus, multiseptated sphenoid. Osteomeatal unit (87.5 %) and maxillary sinuses (87.5 %) were the most commonly involved which was followed by anterior ethmoids (70 %), posterior ethmoids (50 %), frontal sinuses (32.5 %) and the sphenoids (20 %). Considering the results obtained, we believe that anatomical variations may increase the risk of sinus mucosal disease. We therefore, emphasize the importance of a careful evaluation of CT study in patients with persistent symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis.