The results of numerical analysis of coupled laminar natural convection and surface radiation in a two-dimensional closed square cavity with the uniformly heated bottom wall, linearly heated vertical side wall(s) and the adiabatic top wall is discussed. The cavity is filled with natural air (Pr = 0.70) as the fluid medium. In the present study, the governing equations i.e., the Navier-Stokes Equation in the stream function -vorticity form and the Energy Equation are solved for a constant property fluid under the Boussinesq approximation. For discretization of these equations, the finite volume technique is used. For the radiation calculations, the radiosity-irradiation formulation is used and the shape factors are calculated by using the Hottel's crossed-string method. The effects of pertinent parameters like the Rayleigh Number (10 3 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 6 ) and the surface emissivity of walls (0.05 ≤ε≤ 0.85) are analyzed.
Chondral injuries are common sequelae following musculoskeletal trauma. This article reviews different techniques of cartilage regeneration undertaken in the past, and focuses on the recent advances in the field of tissue engineering.
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