Colour: the untreated samples was properly examined under diffused sunlight or artificial lighst source with wavelengths similar to that of daylight. Shape and size: the length, breadth and thickness of the drugs are of great importance while evaluating crude
Cyathocline purpurea is well known drug in Indigeneous system of medicine for its various used as a bitter tonic. It also acts as germicide and appetizer. It is used for antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifungal, antifertility and pharmacological activities .Cyathoclinelyratais an erect annual herb growing to 20-25 cm high branched to grooved stem has soft hair covering it. Alternately arranged stalk less leaves are toothed, covered with soft hair and 3-12 cm long flower occur in corymbs at the end of branches, flowers heads are 5-8 cm occurs and purple in colour. Cyathoclinelyrata leaves are alternate embracing the stem, segments irregularly serrate. Heals small in panicles uniformly purple.Cyathoclinepurpureais an erect annual herb, growing to 20-50 cm high. Branched, grooved stem has soft hair covering it. The whole plant is strongly aromatic. Laternately arranged stalkless leaves are toothed, covered with soft hair, and 3-12 cm long. Flowers occur in corymbs at the end of branches. Flower heads are 5-8 cm across, and purple in color. This plants are widely distributed in widespread in Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan),
Traditionally, various plants are used for treatment of many diseases. Ficus palmata is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Moraceae. It contains a very juicy fruit and is used for making various products such as squash, jam and jelly from this fruit. The fruits contain chiefly sugars and mucilage and are principally used as an item of diet in several cases of constipation and in the diseases of the lungs and the bladder. The ficus palmata plant is used in various diseases, e.g. gastrointestinal disorders, hypoglycemia, tumour, ulcer, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and fungal infections. Traditionally, stem latex is applied to extract spines deeply lodged in the flesh. The phytochemical screening of the Ficus palmata plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides and aerial parts of Ficus palmata utilizing liquid–liquid fractionation and different chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of a new isomer of psoralenoside namely, transpsoralenoside in addition to, one triterpene: germanicol acetate, two furanocoumarins: psoralene, bergapten, one aromatic acid vanillic acid and the flavone glycoside rutin. The ficus palmata fruit shows antioxidant activity using free radical scavenging and ferric reducing activities. The plant also shows in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanolic, ethanolic and water extracts. Fruit extract were analyzed against cervical cancer cell lines for antiproliferative activity while aqueous extract of Ficus palmata leaves showed dose dependant anticalcinogenic action. Ficus palmata total plant extract was found to show hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antiulcer and anticoagulant activity.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of bark of Feronia limonia on alloxan induced rats. The plant belongs to family Rutaceae , is an angiosperm with various medicinal properties including anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, muscle relaxant, larvicidal and anti-tumour. Bark extract principally showed the presence of flavonoids and phenols. Materials and methods: Alloxan (120 mg/kg) was dissolved in saline and administered intravenously into fasted rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups randomly consisting of 6 rats in each group as follows: group 1 (normal control) includes non-alloxanized rats (0.5% normal saline, 5 ml/kg body weight orally for 21 days), group 2(positive control) untreated diabetic control (0.5 ml/100 gm normal saline), group 3 (standard) diabetic rats treated with reference drug glibenclamide 5 mg/kg p.o. for 21 days and group 4 (test) diabetic rats treated with test drug 300 mg/kg for 21 days. Results: At the end of 21 day, blood glucose level and lipid profile was found to be effectively reduced as compared to st glibenclamide. Histopathological study was carried out which reveals disturbances in pancreatic cells i.e. positive control group was found to have pronounced edema whereas normal group resembles test in having minimum edema. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded from above that bark extract is found to be efficacious in Feronia limonia reducing BGL and lipid levels.
Lantana camara is a heavily branched shrub that can grow in compact clumps, dense thickets or as a climbing vine. The plant is Antidiabetic, Antiseptic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Carminative, Anti-spasmodic, Diphoretic and are useful for cuts, wounds, ulcers, swelling, tumours and rheumatism. Evaluation of fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the leaves was carried out to determine the morphological, microscopical and phytochemical profiles. Leaves of L.camara Linn. are dark green with characteristic odour, opposite, blade ovate, 4-10cm long, with coarse surfaces and toothed margins etc. Microscopy shows covering trichomes, Sclerenchyma, collenchyma, xylem, phloem etc. Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoid, essential oil, flavanoids, carbohydrates, tannins and saponins. The investigations also included evaluation of physical parameter such as the moisture content, ash values, and extractive value. Concerning on the Antipyretic activity, Lantana camara ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract start lowering the body temperature from 1.5 th hour, while between 2 nd and 3 rd hour both the extract showed significant (P<0.01) Antipyretic activity when compared with the negative control group by one way ANOVA followed by dunnett's t-test.
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