Placental polyp is retained placental tissue within the endometrial cavity, which forms a nidus for inflammation and bleeding. Placental polyp is a rare entity with an incidence of less than 0.25% of all pregnancies as reported. Here, we report a case of 23-year-old P2L2 woman with complaints of intermittent vaginal bleeding since her recent normal vaginal delivery, 1.5 months back. A polypoid mass (51×41 mm) with abundant vascularity was detected as retained products of placenta (RPOC) within the endometrial cavity by imaging studies. A combination of polypoidal mass within the endometrial cavity with normal beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) of <2.0 mIU/ml raising the suspicion of retained products of placenta or trophoblastic neoplasms. After yielding an unsatisfactory biopsy containing only fibrin deposition, total hysterectomy was performed due to profuse bleeding during biopsy. The uterus specimen showed slight globular enlargement with presence of a red-coloured polypoid mass within the endometrial cavity with rough outer surface and fragile consistency. The histological specimen of the protruding lesion, from the exaggerated placental implantation site, showed intermediate trophoblastic cells infiltrated into the myometrium, which might lead to the diagnosis of placental polyp. However, since placental polyp and uterine arteriovenous malformation have similar clinical characteristics, it is important to accurately identify and differentiate between them to ensure optimal treatment therapy. Definite diagnosis is ultimately made by histopathological examination. We report here a case that is suggestive of either a placental polyp or uterine arteriovenous malformation and will discuss the differential diagnoses and treatments for both diseases, based on a literature review.

To study the prevalence and variety of cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) by Pap smear screening as an indicator of suspected HPV infection among HIV-infected women in Surat, Gujarat, India.All consecutive asymptomatic HIV seropositive women 18 years and older and attending the Anti-Retroviral Therapy Centre at New Civil Hospital, Surat, India between October 2009 to September 2011 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Participants constituted 439 asymptomatic HIV seropositive women receiving care at the ART centre underwent detailed history taking, physical examination and Pap smear screening. The incidence of SIL was 8.7% (38/439) in the participants. Further, statistical significance (p value &#62; 0.05) was observed in parity more than two, lost their husband, duration of marriage more than 10 years and CD4 count greater than 250.An association between HIV infection with pre-invasive changes in the cervical epithelium is noted. Early detection and prompt treatment of these changes after a thorough understanding of the natural history of disease in these women would go a long way in improving the survival as well as the quality of life in this increasing seropositive younger population.

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