This paper tackles the key challenges for dynamics, control, and automation of power systems that are imposed by the integration of renewable power plants. First, the current practice of automation and control in large-scale power systems are reviewed. Then, dynamics and control of electrical transmission systems are discussed and the issues associated with the integration of large-scale wind and solar power plants are exploited. The discussion carries on with a focus on control of electrical distribution systems and the key issues associated with the integration of distributed generation power plants. An emerging concern in power and energy industry is the dynamic interaction between transmission and distribution systems as a result of technological and topological changes in power systems that can put their control at risk. These topics are also covered in this paper. In terms of automation, the key challenges and opportunities for accommodation of higher penetration and share of renewable energy, as part of the vision for grid modernization, are explored in this paper. Throughout the discussion, some results from the recent studies are shown. This article is categorized under: Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure K E Y W O R D S automation, control, dynamics, power systems, renewable energy, stability 1 | INTRODUCTION Power systems are compounded of hundreds of thousands of controllable and noncontrollable components that function in a variety of ways (Machowski, Bialek, & Bumby, 1997). Hence, this complex process requires a superb automation to sustain the power delivery. In current power systems, energy management system (EMS) and distribution management system (DMS) represent the highest level of automation at transmission and distribution systems, respectively. These automation systems include the supervisory control and data acquisition systems and a set of real-time and off-line power system applications. The automation and control of traditional power systems with centralized dispatchable power plants and also the stability related issues have been extensively studied and discussed in the literature, including the studies by

The synchronized operation of power generators is the foundation of electric power network stability and a key to the prevention of undesired power outages and blackouts. Here, we derive the conditions that guarantee synchronization in power networks with inherent generator heterogeneity when subjected to small perturbations, and perform a parametric sensitivity analysis to understand synchronization with varied types of generators. As inverter-based resources, which are the primary interfacing technology for many renewable sources of energy, have supplanted synchronous generators in ever growing numbers, the center of attention on associated integration challenges have resided primarily on the role of declining system inertia. Our results instead highlight the critical role of generator damping in achieving a stable state of synchronization. Additionally, we report the feasibility of operating interconnected electric grids with up to 100% power contribution from inverter-based renewable generation technologies. Our study has important implications as it sets the basis for the development of advanced control architectures and grid optimization methods that ensure synchronization and further pave the path towards the decarbonization of the electric power sector.

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The control of operational costs is one of the main goals of resource management problem in cloud computing (CC). This paper presents a new mathematical model based on group technology (GT) to map the virtual machines (VMs) to workflows in order to control some costs (e.g. transfer costs, penalty costs and server cost) when the VMs are running. GT is a well-known manufacturing technique in industrial environments which can control some measures (e.g. part movements, resource utilization). In large size problems a cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) is proposed. To test the effectiveness of our approaches, we first generate a set of problems randomly and then compare the model and COA with a well-known algorithm in literature called Round robin (RR). Analyzing the computational results proves that our approaches give better performance than RR.

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The goal of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) roadmap [1] is a 20% penetration of wind energy into the generation mix by 2030. Attaining this objective will help protect the environment and reduce fossil fuel dependency, thus improving energy security and independence. This paper discusses how the technology used in large scale offshore wind farms impacts voltage regulation in distribution feeders. Although the offshore wind farms are integrated into an interconnected power system through transmission lines, the system constraints can cause stability, resiliency and reliability issues.The major types of machine used in offshore wind farms are modeled using a generic model of General Electric (GE) wind machines. The transmission and distribution system models are based on the actual existing regional FirstEnergy/PJM power grid in Midwestern of United State.In addition, the impact of installing Static VAR Compensator (SVC) at Points of |Interconnection (POI) on voltage regulation is investigated.

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