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Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the 4-and 8-week recovery rate of anosmia and determine the factors associated with recovery in COVID-19 patients. Method: This retrospective study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021. RT-PCR-proven COVID-19 adult patients (over 18 years of age) with a positive history of anosmia were included in this study. Anosmia was assessed based on the COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool. The recovery rate of anosmia after 4 and 8 weeks were evaluated, and the relationship between the patients' recovery and their clinical and demographic data was assessed. Results: A total of 235 patients were included. Their mean age (±SD) was 43.95 ± 15.27 years. Anosmia recovery was reported in 207(88.51%) and 219 (93.19%) participants till 4 and 8 weeks. The mean recovery time was 19.42 ± 8.81 days. The result of logistic regression showed that smoking (P = .031; OR = 10.813), ageusia (P = .002; OR = 5.340), headache (P = .006; OR = 0.243), and nasal discharge (P < .001; OR = 0.080) were significantly associated with 4 weeks anosmia recovery.The only risk factor which was associated with a lower rate of 8 weeks anosmia recovery was presence of nasal discharge (OR = 0.106, P = .002). Conclusion:The only risk factor which was associated with a lower rate of 8 weeks anosmia recovery was presence of nasal discharge. Our result demonstrated that although smoking was associated with higher recovery rate till 4 weeks, it could not be considered as a protective factor after 8 weeks. More studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between anosmia and the associated factors by consideration of both short-and long-term recovery rates and assess the possible mechanisms that could justify this association.

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BackgroundUrethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) is the most prevalent complication after hypospadias repair surgery. Many methods have been developed for UCF correction, and the best technique for UCF repair is determined based on the size, location, and number of fistulas, as well as the status of the surrounding skin.ObjectivesIn this study, we introduced and evaluated a simple method for UCF correction after tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair.MethodsThis clinical study was conducted on children with UCFs ≤ 4 mm that developed after TIP surgery for hypospadias repair. The skin was incised around the fistula and the tract was released from the surrounding tissues and the dartos fascia, then ligated with 5 - 0 polydioxanone (PDS) sutures. The dartos fascia, as the second layer, was covered on the fistula tract with PDS thread (gauge 5 - 0) by the continuous suture method. The skin was closed with 6 - 0 Vicryl sutures. After six months of follow-up, surgical outcomes were evaluated based on fistula relapse and other complications.ResultsAfter six months, relapse occurred in only one patient, a six-year-old boy with a single 4-mm distal opening, who had undergone no previous fistula repairs. Therefore, in 97.5% of the cases, relapse was non-existent. Other complications, such as urethral stenosis, intraurethral obstruction, and epidermal inclusion cysts, were not seen in the other patients during the six-month follow-up period.ConclusionsThis repair method, which is simple, rapid, and easily learned, is highly applicable, with a high success rate for the closure of UCFs measuring up to 4 mm in any location.

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Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a rare inherited disease characterized by steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and T-cell immunodeficiency. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most frequent renal pathological finding associated with proteinuria in SIOD. In this case report, we describe a 4.5-year-old boy who presented with nephrotic syndrome and ventricular septal defect followed by tremor in the limbs after-cerebral infarction. It is emphasized that SIOD should be considered in children with wide range of presentation, from growth retardation, steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, and bone, cardiac, and neurological abnormalities in the late childhood or even adolescence.