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Background The available evidence regarding the possible effects of resveratrol on liver function is inconsistent. Therefore, the present meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the overall effects of resveratrol supplementation on liver enzymes in adults. Methods A systematic and comprehensive search of the online medical databases including PubMed, Scupos, Web of Science and Cochran Library was performed up to February 2020. All RCTs using resveratrol supplements in adults were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The overall effect was presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random‐effects meta‐analysis model. Results Finally, 15 randomised trials including 714 participants were selected for the present meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis did not show any significant changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: 0 IU/L, 95% CI: −3.17 to 3.17, P = .99; I2 = 74.2%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: −2.40 IU/L, 95% CI: −5.45 to 0.65, P = .11; I2 = 82.9%), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) (WMD: −1.26 IU/L, 95% CI: −4.64 to 2.13, P = .64; I2 = 23.7%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (WMD: 3.80 IU/L, 95% CI: −4.65 to 12.25, P = .37; I2 = 29.9%) and bilirubin (WMD: 0.13 IU/L, 95% CI: −0.43 to 0.17, P = .39; I2 = 8.9%) after supplementation with resveratrol. Conclusion Overall, in our study, resveratrol does not affect liver enzyme levels significantly, but subgroup analysis indicates that these results may be influenced by resveratrol dose, duration of the study and population status, so future high‐quality studies are necessary to get definitive results.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sour tea supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Seventy NAFLD patients were enrolled in this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Participants received sour tea in the form of a 450 mg capsule or a placebo capsule daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, liver enzymes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and antioxidant status were evaluated at the baseline and at the end of the study. Sixty‐one participants completed the study. After 8 weeks, sour tea administration significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (p = .03), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = .01), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = .004) levels compared with the placebo. In addition, sour tea supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = .03) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = .04), and a significant increase in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (p ˂ .001) compared with the placebo. However, no significant changes in anthropometric measures, total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) levels were observed after sour tea supplementation compared with the placebo (p > .05). Sour tea supplementation may be effective in improving serum TG, liver enzymes, and blood pressure in patients diagnosed with NAFLD. Further studies are needed to address the exact mechanism of action of these effects.

Background and Aims: The present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to determine the effects of saffron supplementation on liver function tests among adults. Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to January 2021. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The overall estimates and their 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects models. Egger’s test and Begg’s rank-correlation were run to assess the presence of publication bias. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 12 trials involving 608 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Saffron supplementation had no significant effect on liver function tests including aspartate transaminase (AST) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.23 U/L; 95% CI –2.22 to 2.69; p = 0.851; I2 = 74.0%), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD = –1.49 U/L; 95% CI –3.84 to 0.86; p = 0.213; I2 = 60.2%), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (WMD = –0.70 U/L; 95% CI –11.35 to 9.95; p = 0.898; I2 = 40.8%) compared to placebo. Conclusion: Based on what was discussed, it seems that saffron supplementation could not improve liver function tests including AST, ALT, and ALP among the adult population. Further clinical trials with larger sample size, longer duration, and higher doses of saffron should be conducted exclusively among patients with liver dysfunction to elucidate the beneficial role of saffron consumption on liver function.

Background This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of distal clavicle fracture fixation with a hook plate versus the standard non-locking T-plate for unstable Neer type II fractures. Methods A prospective matched cohort study including two groups of hook plates and T-plates fixation was conducted in our two tertiary trauma centers. Patients with distal clavicle fractures Neer type II were assessed for union and the Constant-Murley score (CMS) at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Inadequate radiographic consolidation > 6 months after surgery was defined as non-union. Subscales of CMSpain, CMSactivities of daily living, CMSrange of motion (ROM), and CMSstrength were also compared between groups. According to recommendations, the implant was removed after union confirmation in the hook plate at a planned second surgery. Results Sixty consecutive patients were enrolled: 30 in the T-plate group and 30 in the hook plate group. CMS showed similar functional outcomes for T-plates and hook plates at all follow-ups (Month 6: 92.0 vs. 91.7, P = 0.45). However, on the month 1 follow-up, the T-plate group scored higher than the hook plate group for ROM and pain (CMSpain = 13.0 vs. 12.3, P = 0.03; CMSROM = 35.2 vs. 33.2, P = 0.002). Despite this, Pain, ROM, and other CMS domains were comparable between groups (P > 0.05). The mean time to union was 2.5 + 1.4 months for the T-plate group and 2.3 + 1.6 months for the hook plate group (P = 0.44). There was one fixation failure in each group and one periprosthetic fracture in the hook plate group (two revisions for the hook plates and one for T-plates, P = 1.00). Non-union and other complications were not observed. Conclusion Both surgical approaches resulted in full recovery and good function. However, in the hook plate group ROM and pain scores were lower at 1 month. Standard non-locking T-plates are a viable alternative to hook plates with low cost and promising outcomes for treating displaced distal clavicle fractures.

We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of cumin supplementation on markers of glycemic control in adults. A comprehensive literature search was conducted up from inception to November 2020 on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane electronic databases. Studies that compared the effect of cumin with placebo on fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index in adults were considered eligible. Weighted mean difference (WMD) (with 95% confidence intervals) for endpoints were calculated using the random‐effects model. Finally, a total of eight RCT studies involving 552 participants were included in the review. The results of the meta‐analysis suggest that cumin supplementation did not significantly alter serum FBS (WMD: −17.77 mg/dl; 95% CI: −36.42 to 0.87, p = .06), insulin (WMD: −0.49 Hedges' g; 95% CI: −1.19 to 0.21, p =.16) levels and HOMA‐IR (WMD: ‐0.06; 95% CI: −0.21 to 0.10, p = 0.48) index. These results do not support the use of cumin supplementation for improving glycemic markers in adults. However, further high‐quality trials are still needed to confirm these results.

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