The use of computer for a long time period can cause a ocular complaints called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This syndrome can be influenced by various risk factors, such as individual factors, computer factors and environmental factor. This study is to identify and analyze individual, computer and environmental factors associated with the incidence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This research is an observational study with a case control method. The study was conducted in September-October 2018 at General hospital Haji Surabaya. A sample of 266 people with certain criteria, divided into 2 groups of cases and controls. The research was conducted by direct interview using a questionnaire. The statistical test uses the Chi square test. The odds ratio used to determine the value of the association of the magnitude of the risk and multivariate analysis (logistic regression analysis) is used to find out which risk factor is the most influential. The 95% confidence interval and the results of the case-control study observations are arranged in a 2×2 table. The factors that were significantly associated with the incidence of CVS were gender [p = 0.009; odd ratio = 0.504 (95% CI = 0.301 – 0.843)], use of glasses [p = 0.000; odds ratio = 0.333 (95% CI = 0.201 – 0.553)], duration of working hours on the computer [p = 0.000; odds ratio = 0.331 (95% CI = 0.194 – 0.563)] and computer vision distance [p = 0.000; odds ratio = 0.331 (95% CI = 0.194 – 0.563)].
The main optical structure of the eyes is the lens and corneal because lens with the cornea, focuses image of the visual world onto the retina. Both of the main optical structure is affected by age, it affects the corneal endothelial cells and transparency of the lens. By aging the corneal endothelial cells decrease and the lens loses its transparency then the cataract appears [1,2]. it is known that cataract surgery effecting the corneal endothelial cells number. The surgery will be decreasing the corneal endothelial cells number. The severity to which endothelium is affected depends on many factors, such as phacoemulsification time and energy, surgical technique, anterior chamber depth, and use of ophthalmic viscoelastic devices (OVDs) [3]. A total of 52 people with cataracts were enrolled in this descriptive investigation. The study is included 52 eyes. Ages ranged from 43-77 years, with a mean age of 57,7 years. From this study 59,6% were men and the rest are women, which 79% were diagnosed with immature cataract, and 21% were diagnosed with mature cataract. It was found that 86,5% of eyes experienced a decrease in the number of corneal endothelial cells after cataract phacoemulsification surgery. The mean of corneal endothelial density pre surgery is 3126 cells/mm2 ± 246,1 and the mean of corneal endothelial density post-surgery is 3029 cells/mm2. The range of surgery time is 6-30 minutes. With the mean time of surgery 13,7 ± 5,8 minutes. From 52 eyes there are 45 eyes with corneal endothelial cells loss 7 days after surgery, with the mean of corneal endothelial cells loss after cataract phacoemulsification surgery are 152,3 ± 68 cells/mm2, the percentage mean was 6%, and we found decreasing in central corneal thickness, corneal endothelium density, hexagonality and increasing coefficient of variety.
Conjunctivochalasis (CCh) is a condition characterized by redundant, loose, and non- edematous conjunctival folds that often located in inferior bulbar conjunctiva. CCh often asymptomatic but also can cause many symptoms. The symptoms of CCh are often connected to delayed tear clearance or tear film instability. CCH is often overlooked in clinical practice; therefore, it is important to recognize this condition to differentiate it from chronic eye irritation and epiphora due to other causes. This research is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with Conjunctivochalasis (CCh). A total of 26 people with Conjunctivochalasis were enrolled in this retrospective investigation. The study included 52 eyes from 40 cases. Ages ranged from 46 to 77 years, with a mean age of 64 years. In this study, all CCh sites were found in the inferior conjunctiva and more in the temporal region (75%). The prevalence of CCh was mostly female (88.5%) and occurred in patients with an average age of 647 year. The most common complaints of CCh patients were eye pain (42%) and dryness (38%). Clinical examination results obtained bilateral CCh more than unilateral, which is 53.8%. Severity of first grade CCh was found in 50% of the sample eyes. Schirmer examination results of less than 5 mm and 5-10 mm obtained the same results of 35%. Fluorescein test results were found to be positive in 57.5% of eyes. While the most TBUT results were obtained in less than 5 seconds, which amounted to 67.5%.
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