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The aim of this study is to assess the effect of tramadol use on cognitive functions, especially executive functions. Thirty tramadol use disorder patients were recruited from those admitted to the toxicology departments of Menoufia University Hospitals for detoxification. Thirty controls were recruited from employees working at the faculty of medicine, Menoufia University. Both patients and controls underwent a demographic sheet and computerized cognitive battery. Patients also completed another sheet about substance use history. Urine screening for drugs was performed on all patients prior to admission. No differences regarding age, education or marital status were found between patients and controls. Tramadol-dependent patients showed cognitive impairment in the form of impaired visual-spatial memory and executive functions in comparison to controls. After detoxification, patients showed improvement regarding executive functions but not visual-spatial memory. Tramadol impairs cognitive functions in tramadol-dependent patients.

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