In recent years, suppressing tubulin polymerization has been developed as a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.

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Hydrazide-hydrazone, namely, N′-((5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-2-cyanoacetohydrazide 3, was utilized as a key starting material for the construction of a variety of novel heterocyclic moieties. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1 H-NMR, and mass spectra). Some of the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antitumor and antioxidant activities. The results showed clearly that compounds 6, 11, 13, 22, and 29 displayed promising in-vitro antitumor activity against two cell lines (HepG2 and MCF-7). Among these compounds, compounds 13 and 29 exhibited the highest activity as antitumor agents. On the other hand, compounds 13, 22, and 29 exhibited the highest inhibitory antioxidant activity using ABTS method. While, in case of erythrocytes hemolysis, compounds 4, 13, and 29 proved to exhibit potent antioxidative activity as vitamin C. Meanwhile, compounds 6, 11, 16, 21, and 22 showed a remarkable promising activity. In light of the highest potency of our novel compounds in targeting both antitumor and antioxidant activities, compounds 13 and 29 warrant persistent preclinical development as antitumor and antioxidant agents.

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A series of 5,5‐diarylhydantoin (Dilantin) 3, 4, and 7, imidazole 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9, thiazole 10–12, triazinthione 13, 15, 16, and 17, and thiadiazine 14 derivatives, containing diverse hydrophobic groups, were green synthesized through one‐pot stepwise reaction of aromatic aldehydes, vitamin B1, and nitrogen nucleophiles, for example, urea, thiourea, and thiosemicarbazide using grinding technique as well as conventional thermal methods. Such synthesized compounds have potent insecticidal activities; for example, compounds 4, 6, and 17 exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against both Plutella xylostella and Helicoverpa armigera with minimum inhibitory concentration values at 500 μg/mL and LD50 activities at 50 μg/mL. The density functional theory was then applied to explore the structural and electronic characteristics of these compounds. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized based on their elemental analyses and spectral data.

Phthalimidoacetyl isothiocyanate underwent addition-cyclization reactions with some nitrogen and carbon nucleophilic reagents. Simultaneous or subsequent cyclization of the obtained adducts gave target heterocyclic systems such as 1,2,4-triazoles, 1,3-diazines, 1,3-oxazines and thiourea attached to a phthalimido moiety. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was tested.Key words phthalimidoacetyl isothiocyanate; 1,2,4-triazol; 1,3-diazine; 1,3-oxazine; thiourea; antimicrobial are well known.In the past few years the authors have been involved in the uses of aroyl isothiocyanates [17][18][19][20] and acyl isothiocyanates [21][22][23][24] in different synthetic strategies of target heterocycles. Studies on the chemistry of aroyl and/or acyl isothiocyanates have established the value of these compounds as starting materials in the synthesis of a wide variety of heterocyclic systems and thiourea derivatives. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Based on the previous work, we have been synthesized variety of heterocyclic systems bearing phthalimido moiety by using 2-phthalimidobenzoyl isothiocyanate 19) and phthalimidoacyl isothiocyanate.22) In the current study, a further stage reactions of phthalimidoacetyl isothiocyanate was performed. Results and DiscussionTreatment of a solution of phthalimidoacetyl isothiocyanate 1 in a dry acetonitrile with 2-cyanoacetohydrazide at room temperature gave thiosemicarbazide derivative 2 in a good yield. On the other hand, the reaction of a mixture of isothiocyanate 1 and 2-cyanoacetohydrazide in acetonitrile under refluxing conditions produced 1,2,4-triazole derivative 3 in one pot-reaction. However, boiling a solution of the adduct 2 in acetonitrile also gave the 1,2,4-triazole derivative 3. Refluxing of compound 3 in ethanolic-hydrochloric acid mixture afforded ester derivative 4. On the other hand, when a solution of 3 in ethanol was boiled with a catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide, followed by acidification with dilute HCl furnished a carboxylic acid derivative 6 as illustrated in Chart 1.The structures of the synthesized compounds 2-4 and 6 were elucidated from their microanalytical and spectral data. Thus, their IR spectra displayed bands corresponding to NH, CO and C=S, as well as stretching band of CN group for compounds 2 and 3. The 1 H-NMR spectra of the synthesized compounds are in accord with their proposed structures as they showed signals for aromatic protons and aliphatic protons in addition to NH protons in the downfield region exchangeable with D 2 O. The appearance of an exchangeable broad singlet signal for compound 4, at δ: 7.16 ppm corresponds to SH proton suggests its existence entirely as aromatic triazole structure. The relatively high δ value of SH proton suggests chelation shown (Chart 1). The 1 H-NMR spectrum of compound 6 showed the absence of a signal corresponding to CH 2 protons in the up field region, instead it revealed two olefinic signals at δ: 5.88 and 5.94 ppm integrated to one proton. These observations suggest that...

Anticancer evaluation of pyrazole 2 and Schiff base 5 is reported. Synthesis of some important heterocyclic compounds via 2,3‐diaryloxirane‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile 1, pyrazole 2, and Schiff base 5 with different nitrogen nucleophiles afforded new routes for synthesized fused heterocyclic derivatives. These compounds can be used as a key starting materials to synthesize some important imidazolo‐[4,5‐c]pyrazole, pyrazolo[3,4‐e]1,2,4‐triaging, imidazolo[3,2‐b]pyrazole, and pyrazolo‐pyrazine, as anticancer reagents showed good results at optimum conditions (400–500 ppm), particularly the bridge head nitrogen compounds, and could be used to improve them. Electromeric effect of the halogen atom in the aryl moieties can be controlled upon the rate of reaction and the yield of the product. The structure of the synthesized new compounds would be characterized by elemental and spectral data.

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