Beta-tricalcium phosphate, WMTA and WPC in primary pig teeth are as effective as Ca(OH)(2) in primary pig teeth capping.

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AimThe aim of this study was to make a comparison between microleakage of conventionally restored class V cavities using acid etchant and the ones conditioned by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and also to assess and compare the effectiveness of enamel surface treatments of occlusal pits and fissures by acid etching and conditioned by Er:YAG laser-etch.Materials and methodsSeventy-two extracted third molars were used in this study. The samples were divided into two major groups: class V cavities and pit and fissure sealants. Each subgroup was divided into conventional acid etching, Er:YAG laser conditioning and conventional acid etching, and combination with Er:YAG laser conditioning (n=12). The teeth were placed in 2% methylene blue dye solution, were sectioned, and were evaluated according to the dye penetration criteria. Two samples per subgroup were chosen for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.ResultsThere was a significant difference between occlusal and cervical margin groups. Laser conventional composite cementum group showed more microleakage values compared to other groups. There was no significant difference between occlusal margin groups. However, there was a significant difference between cervical margin groups in terms of microleakage. In sealant groups, there was a significant difference between laser and conventional with/without laser treatment groups in terms of microleakage.ConclusionBased on the results reported in this study, it can be concluded that the application of the Er:YAG laser beneath the resin composite, the resin-modified glass ionomers (GIs), and the fissure sealant placement may be an alternative enamel and dentin etching method to acid etching.

Aim To model in vitro the contact between adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component expressed at the surface of most Gram‐positive bacteria. Methodology Human DPSCs obtained from impacted third molars were cultured and exposed to various concentrations of S. aureus LTA (0.1, 1.0 and 10 µg mL−1). The effects of LTA on DPSCs proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Mineralization of DPSCs was evaluated by alizarin red staining assay. Migration was investigated by microphotographs of wound‐healing and Transwell migration assays. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the effects of LTA on p65 NF‐κB translocation and TLR1, TLR2 or TLR6 regulation. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to investigate LTA‐stimulated DPSCs cytokine production. One‐way or two‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc multiple comparison were used for statistical analysis. Results DPSCs expressed TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 involved in the recognition of various forms of LTA or lipoproteins. Exposure to LTA did not up‐ or down‐regulate the mRNAs of TLR1, TLR2 or TLR6 whilst LPS acted as a potent inducer of them [TLR1 (P ≤ 0.05), TLR2 (P ≤ 0.001) and TLR6 (P ≤ 0.001)]. Translocation of p65 NF‐κB to the nucleus was detected in LTA‐stimulated cells, but to a lesser extent than LPS‐stimulated DPSCs (P ≤ 0.001). The viability of cells exposed to LTA was greater than unstimulated cells, which was attributed to an increased proliferation and not to less cell death [LTA 1 μg mL−1 (P ≤ 0.001) and 10 μg mL−1 (P ≤ 0.01)]. For specific doses of LTA (1.0 µg mL−1), adhesion of DPSCs to collagen matrix was disturbed (P ≤ 0.05) and cells enhanced their horizontal mobility (P ≤ 0.001). LTA‐stimulated DPSCs released IL‐6 and IL‐8 in a dose‐dependent manner (P ≤ 0.0001). At all concentrations investigated, LTA did not influence osteogenic/odontoblastic differentiation. Conclusions Human DPSCs were able to sense the wall components of Gram‐positive bacteria likely through TLR2 signalling. Consequently, cells modestly proliferated, increased their migratory behaviour and contributed significantly to the local inflammatory response through cytokine release.