Introduction: Bacterial Infections in cirrhosis of liver is one of the main complications with increase mortality rate. Infection of ascitic fluid in cirrhosis of liver was introduced by Conn and fessel [2], termed as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Objective: To determine the frequency of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) in patients presenting with cirrhosis of liver.
Methodology: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was performed in the Medicine Ward at People’s Medical College Hospital Nawabshah Pakistan from 1st June 2018 to 31 July 2020. Total 100 admitted patients were selected for this study, male patient were 58 and female patient were 42. Consent was taken from the patients and their relatives. Primary and secondary outcomes measured. All the patients with diagnosis of cirrhosis of liver were included for this study, ascites due to other causes and patients on antibiotic therapy were excluded from this study. Ascitic fluid aspirated for culture and DR. Blood CP, Urea, Creatinine, LFT and PT was performed.
Results: Among these 100 patients 13 were culture positive raised ascites PMN, 17 were culture negative raised ascites PMN. E. coli was detected in majority of the culture positive patients. 70 patients presented with sterile ascites. SBP patients presented with fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, Encephalopathy and raised prothrombin time.
Conclusion: SBP common complication of cirrhosis associated with high mortality. All cirrhotic Patients admitted in medical wards with history of abdominal pain, fever and Encephalopathy, diagnostic paracentesis is compulsory. Early management with intravascular expansion with albumin and antibiotics with good prognosis mortality can be reduced.
Objectives: To compare the improvement in renal function tests (RFTs) of type 2 diabetic patients who were taking glimeperide alone and this drug in combination with piogliatzone and pioglitazone alone. Data source: Data was analyzed using ANOVA. P < 0.05 was taken as significant. Study Design: Randomized prospective study. Setting: This study was conducted in the diabetic clinic of Fauji Foundation hospital Rawalpindi and the tests were analyzed in the Biochemistry Lab of Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi. Duration of study: 12 weeks. Materials & Methods: Blood glucose levels were determined by glucose oxidase method (globe marketing GD Italy), HbA1c by Microlab 200, urea/creatinine /uric acid by Selectra E & micro albumin by Spin colour. Results: No significant differences were observed for the variables of hemoglobin A1c, uric acid and urinary albumin P >0.05. Significant decreases were observed in the levels of fasting plasma glucose, urea and creatinine P< 0.05. Conclusions: In patients with type 2 diabetes pioglitazone and the combinations of glimepiride with pioglitazone produced significant improvements in measures of glycemic control and RFTs.
Material and Methods: All patients of either gender with age >15 years with status epilepticus, were included in the study. A detailed clinical history and relevant neurological examination was performed. All the patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after informed written consent and explanation of the study protocol. All the information including in hospital mortality was entered on annexed proforma. All the patients were observed three to five days. Results: A total of 108 patients were included in this study fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The overall mean age of these patients was 31.3 ± 13.5 years. The age range of these patients was 16 to 76 years. History of epilepsy was found in 106 (93.5%) of the patients, 88 (81.5%) of the patients had status epilepticus in past, 56 (51.9%) of the patients had drug withdrawal, 20 (18.5%) of the patients had febrile illness and 2 (1.9%) of the patients had in hospital mortality. There was no statistical significance proportion difference was observed when compared gender, history of epilepsy and status of epilepticus in past by in hospital mortality (p-values >0.05). Statistical significance proportion difference (p-value <0.05) was found in age and in hospital mortality. Conclusion: We recommend further studies to reach the firm conclusion.
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