Background Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0•9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0•9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124.
This article is all about the real face of Development, Alternative Media (AM), Drawbacks of AM in the context of Bangladesh. Organizations like UN who work for Development are not in the right track since they deny problems like 'poverty' and 'hunger' as parts of Development. As a result, their projects start and end without any mentionable Development. Most experts include internet to be an AM but folk media like opera and doll-dancing never get priority. But these are found to be more effective for Development. After 90's Internet evolved in our country that is a New Media (NM) but is not again effective since till date the percentage of internet users is very low. In the NM like Internet the voice of labour class never gets focus and that's why it is not universal. In the NM like Facebook, Blog we see the active participation of general people and they can easily raise voice in favour or against any issue. But these cannot play mentionable role in Development. Various arguments like Mujib-Zia, Left-Right etc prove that AM is for Development, Development is not for the AM. Development comes through some root level people like farmers not through AM. Certain TV Shows like 'Hridoy e Mati o Manush' (Earth and man in Heart) proves that they misguide the Development stakeholders. The use of difficult words by the Development workers somehow creates a hindrance on the way to Development. Folk media like songs of Sufia, doll-dancing are more effective for Development than the so-called AM like internet. Whereas internet covers a small portion of nation, folk media covers a larger portion but the matter of fact is that folk media never reaches the ears of policy makers. That's how AM cannot come out of its drawbacks and we need to think newly with the NM and way to Development.
Background: Spinal tuberculosis is a great problem in the health sector. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the see the socio-demographic characteristics of spinal tuberculosis patients. Methodology: This study was designed as descriptive cross sectional study which was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery at Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2002 to December 2004 for a period of two (2) years. All the patients who were presented with spinal tuberculosis at any age with both sexes were included as study population. The details of socio-economic condition were recorded of all the patients. Confirmation of spinal tuberculosis was made by CT-scan and MRI. Finally biopsy was done to confirm the cases by histopathology. Results: In this study, 50 cases of tuberculosis of the spine patients were recruited for this study. The mean age with SD was 25.4±18.65 years. The sex distribution shows male preponderance with a male and female ratio of 1.63:1. Regarding the socioeconomic status 33 (66%) patients came from low class society. In this study majority of the study population were illiterate which was 19(38.0%) cases. Most of the patients were day labourer which was 17(34.0%) cases. Conclusion: In conclusion young adult male patients are most commonly affected by spinal tuberculosis. [Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(2): [48][49][50]
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