Open Innovation is a key to improve SMEs' performance in a dynamic marketplace. This article aims to present a dynamic model based on causal relationships among the most important effective factors on Open Innovation in manufacturing SMEs by using system dynamics modelling approach. To study the most important factors, the data collected by questionnaires filled by 275 experts, and analyzed by SPSS and PLS. Causal relationships among studied factors and efficacy coefficients of each factor were identified by fuzzy DEMATEL technique, the data collected from 12 experts and analyzed by MATLAB and EXCEL. Finally, the dynamic model was plotted by VENSIM. According to the results, only strategy of organization has a single loop of causality and effects on itself directly. Economic factors are the most important causal factor that has the highest influence on the other factors. Strategy of organization takes the highest effect from the system and organizational learning is in the next rank. Besides, partners are the most important effected factor and ecological issues as an effected factor has no influence on the others.
Given the fluctuations in markets and the financial and resource constraints of SMEs, innovation is one of the solutions for improving performance, gaining competitive advantage and increasing survival probability for these companies. The paper aims to determine the best ranking of effective factors in open innovation success in manufacturing SMEs. At the first stage, the most important factors investigated using structural equation modelling based on the opinion of 275 experts. Subsequently, the impact level of each factor on the others calculated by fuzzy DEMATEL among 12 specialists’ viewpoints. In the end, optimized ranking of studied factors obtained by Ant Colony Optimization algorithm. As a result, economic factors, suppliers, competitors, partners, firm’s strategy, firm’s structure, reward system, employees, IT support, organizational learning, universities, research institutions, and ecological issues hold the first to the thirteenth rank with the highest cumulative impact on open innovation success. Developing relations with universities and research institutions for improving innovation process is recommended to manufacturing SMEs. In addition, these companies should coordinate firm’s strategy as one of the most important open innovation success factors with partners to gain competitive advantages against competitors.
E-commerce adoption is one of the most controversial subjects among small and medium enterprises (SME)s in Iran. The present study is conducted with the aim of identifying the most important factors in e-commerce adoption – reviewing the causal relationships and clustering them. To identify the most important factors, the data is collected by questionnaires filled by 95 experts who were chosen as researchers’ judgment. Examining the causal relationships among the studied factors and clustering is done by fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and interpretive structural modelling (ISM) techniques respectively. Data is collected from 12 experts and analysed by MATLAB and EXCEL software. According to the results, government support as one of the causal factors among critical factors effecting on e-commerce adoption is the highest influential factor, along with cost of public’s training. Both factors are put into the first cluster. Moreover, organisational flexibility plays an intermediate role between the first and the third cluster.
Open innovation makes the success of SMEs' performance in a dynamic environment. The present article conducted with the aim of identifying the most important effective factors on open innovation and reviewing the causal relationships among them. To study the most important factors, the data collected by questionnaires filled by 275 experts, and analysed by SPSS and PLS. Causal relationships among studied factors were identified by fuzzy DEMATEL technique, the data collected from 12 experts and analysed by MATLAB and EXCEL. According to the results, economic factors as a one of the casual factors is the most effective factors. However, employees factor is the most factor affected from the others. Just strategy of organisation has one step casual loop and effects on itself directly and it has the most interaction with others. Besides, ecological issues have no influence on the others.
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