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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that occurs in adult spermatozoa following the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia cells. The testicles, as the site of the spermatogenesis process, should be placed outside the body cavity at a temperature of 2 to 8°C below the body temperature to yield the best performance (Hess & De Franca, 2008). On the other hand, spermatogenesis is an extremely temperature-dependent process such that the increased testicular temperature may disrupt this process, damage the DNA of germ cells and increase cell death (Wang et al., 1997). In recent years, many studies have reported adverse and deleterious effects of scrotum heat stress on sperm parameters and the spermatogenesis process in various species, including humans, mice, rats, sheep, pigs and cows. The findings also suggest that thermal shock affects the quality of

Background Bariatric surgery has been associated with iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiencies, which can lead to anemia. This study compares the incidence of anemia between sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). Methods Patients from a prospectively collected database of patients with morbid obesity undergoing a primary bariatric procedure from April 2013 to September 2018 were included. Statistical analysis was performed using the general estimation equation. Patients were followed for 6, 12, 24, and 36 months post-surgery.Results The present study included 2618 patients, of whom 72.3% underwent SG and 27.6% underwent OAGB. The majority of the study population were women (75.7%), and the mean age of the participants was 39.5 ± 11.7 years. At the end of the follow-up, the excess weight loss percentage was 66.15 in the SG group and 75.41 in the OAGB group (P \ 0.05). The incidence of anemia at 12-, 24-, and 36-month was 16.2, 19.7, and 24.3% in the SG group and 28.4, 37.6, and 56.5% in the OAGB group, showing significantly higher incidence in the OAGB than the SG group (P between groups \ 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the SG and OAGB groups regarding the incidence of iron and vitamin B12 deficiency. Conclusions The patients undergoing bariatric surgery, especially OAGB, should be closely monitored post-surgery regarding the incidence of anemia, and supplementation in developing countries could be continued even after the first year.