The study aimed to define and assess the impact of renewable energy on economic growth. It used panel data for 18 countries during the period 2008-2015. The FMOLS econometric technicality was used to estimate the relevant relations between the independent variables, namely; renewable energy, capital, labor and trade openness and the dependent variable, real GDP per capita. The study found that renewable energy affects economic growth positively, however, the elasticity was highly inelastic. Also, the study found positive and significant relationships between economic growth and the other three independent variables with inelastic elasticities. The study concluded that countries should be encouraged to invest in renewable energy and gradually decrease their dependence on conventional energy. Also, it highly recommended to remove all obstacles facing the development of renewable energy.

This study investigated the relationship between economic growth and economic freedom. Fourty two countries were covered for the period 1996-2017. The dependent variable is the real GDP per capita and the independent variables are; the index of economic freedom, real fixed capital formation, real government spending and average number of hours worked. The sources of data is the World Bank Group (WBG) and the Center for Growth and Development (GGDC). The sample of 42 countries was divided into two groups, based on the score of the country on the index of economic freedom for 2017. While the economic freedom index, which ranges from 100 to 70, has 13 countries. The second group having 69.9 to 50 points, consisted of 29 countries. The data was subjected to cross sectional panel analysis; the unit root indicated that all variables in the two groups were stable at the level, and The Pedroni Residual Co-integration Test showed that there was no co-integration between the variables. The normal least squares method was applied for each group of countries. The results of the analysis showed that the fixed effects model (Fixed Effect) was the appropriate model for data analysis. The study showed that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between the economic freedom index and the real GDP per capita. In addition, the relationship was positive and statistically significant between real GDP per capita, and both fixed capital formation and government expenditure. The study recommended that more attention should be directed to the factors that have an impact on economic freedom, as these factors might have a positive impact on economic growth.

75.30.Cr, 75.70.Rf, 75.70.Cn In this work, we investigate the magnetic properties of the V/W system, in the (001), (011), and (111) crystallographic orientations with and without relaxation at T = 0 K. Calculations of the magnetic moments are carried out using the real-space tight-binding method with a Hubbard Hamiltonian within the Hartree -Fock approximation. The coordination number, the type of the neighboring atoms, and the change of the vertical and horizontal distances between V atoms in the considered system are found to play a role in determining its magnetic properties. The magnetization is found to decrease when V is allowed to relax. The W interfacial layers acquired a sizeable induced magnetic moment.

This paper assesses the impact of substituting clopidogrel with ticagelor to treat patients after an acute attack of Ischemic Heart Disease from the perspective of Jordanian MOH in its tenders, using Budget Impact Analysis (BIA). A multiple regression analysis used to estimate the elasticities associated of implementing the two treatments, and then Matlab used to compare the old and new treatments. The study recommends the gradually substitution of the new treatment using ticagelor because it achieves total cost savings of approximately 200,000 Jordanian dinars, and that the flexibility of the new treatment costs is less than in the case of the old treatment, which means that the increase in numbers of patients will lead to a lower increase in the total costs when using the new treatment.