The article is aimed at a clarification and psychometric treatment of the concept of assertiveness in marital relationships among Asian Indians in the United States by reporting a study that attempted to operationally define the concept of assertiveness through indicators grouped under courage, authenticity, and autonomy. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase focused on identifying a scale of assertiveness consisting of items under the three indicators through a review of selected literature and having them evaluated and ranked by a set of judges who were knowledgeable in the field. The scale was then empirically tested during the second phase in a setting consisting of Asian Indian couples to check its reliability and validity. The study provided a meaningful understanding of how couples in a cross-cultural context express assertiveness in various ways. The study has implications for marriage and family counseling and for future research on assertiveness.
High school students report high computer anxiety. The addition of three computer anxiety dimensions (i.e., Affective Anxiety, Damaging Anxiety, and Learning Anxiety) improved the prediction of computer course grades beyond that afforded by the differences in academic achievement. 700 Turkish high school students (386 boys, 314 girls) enrolled in high school computer courses participated. The Computer Anxiety Scale and a personal data sheet were used to collect the data in the study. Computer course grades were positively related to students' academic achievement but negatively related to the three anxiety subscales. When differences in academic achievement were controlled in multiple-regression analyses, anxiety dimensions were not significantly related to course grades. Anxiety has a more detrimental effect on students with lower academic ability than on those with higher academic ability.
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