No abstract

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) quality is dependent on seed chemical composition, which in turn determines the benefits of its consumption for human health and nutrition. While mung bean is rich in a range of nutritional components, such as protein, carbohydrates and vitamins, it remains less well studied than other legume crops in terms of micronutrients. In addition, mung bean genomics and genetic resources are relatively sparse. The objectives of this research were threefold , namely: to develop a genome-wide marker system for mung bean based on genotyping by sequencing (GBS), to evaluate diversity of mung beans available to breeders in the United States and finally, to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for nutrient concentrations based on a seven mineral analysis using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. All parts of our research were performed with 95 cultivated mung bean genotypes chosen from the USDA core collection representing accessions from 13 countries. Overall, we identified a total of 6,486 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the GBS dataset and found 43 marker × trait associations (MTAs) with calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, phosphorous, sulfur or zinc concentrations in mung bean grain produced in either of two consecutive years' field experiments. The MTAs were scattered across 35 genomic regions explaining on average 22% of the variation for each seed nutrient in each year. Most of the gene regions provided valuable candidate loci to use in future breeding of new varieties of mung bean and further the understanding of genetic control of nutritional properties in the crop. Other SNPs identified in this study will serve as important resources to enable marker-assisted selection (MAS) for nutritional improvement in mung bean and to analyze cultivars of mung bean.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important, nutritious legume food crop for tropical and subtropical countries with high value in Asia and worldwide potential. However, the genetic improvement of mung bean is slowed by low polymorphism of previous molecular markers, even microsatellites. The goals of this study were to develop Kompetitive Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (KASP)‐based single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and use them for characterization of 94 cultivated mung bean genotypes from the USDA originating in 27 countries across 10 regions of the world, all being cultivars rather than wild accessions. We targeted 42 SNPs from previous sequencing and converted them into 20 robust KASP assays. Of these, 18 were polymorphic among the mung bean cultivars, with 38 alleles total and 1.9 alleles per locus average. The polymorphism information content of the newly developed markers ranged from zero for monomorphic markers to 0.375 for the most diverse biallelic polymorphic marker (MBkSNP_39) and averaged 0.250 across all loci. Population structure analysis grouped 90% of the accessions into two subpopulations, with 10% belonging to an admixture group, but did not follow geographic origins of the germplasm, suggesting no clear center of origin and blending of the subpopulations. An analysis of molecular variance revealed 22% of genetic variation among subpopulations and 78% within subpopulations. The first two axes of region‐wide principle coordinate analysis explained 81.26% variation of total variation, indicating the existence of genetic diversity among groups. The SNP markers of this study can be used in molecular breeding of mung bean and are the first to work with KASP detection.

No abstract