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Background: Blood transfusion is a life saving intervention in some obstetric and gynecological cases but is associated with risk of transfusion reaction and transmission of infection . Appropriate use of blood and blood products is of utmost importance for the safety of the patients. During the evaluation of an ongoing study on PPH,it appears that rate of blood transfusion is unexpectedly high in this centre, which raised the inquisitiveness in evaluating the rate and rationality of blood transfusion in present practice.Objective : To determine the incidence of blood transfusion in admitted and operated cases and is also to evaluate the indication of transfusion among the study patients. Results: Transfusion rate in total admitted patients was 9.23% . Most common indication for blood transfusion in obstetric patients was mild preoperative anaemia with or without excessive bleeding during cesarean section (63.92%) and second common cause was antenatal anaemia (24.05%). In gynecological cases abortion (45.91%) was the commonest indication for blood transfusion and next common conditions were total abdominal hysterectomy (20.40%),vaginal hysterectomy (7.14%), ectopic pregnancy and post coital tear (6.12%) and( 6.12%). Subject andConclusion: In this study it was observed that, blood transfusion was not appropriate in all cases, specially in cases where single unit blood was transfused . So creation of awareness among the junior doctors, obstetricians, nursesmidwives is essential by developing regular education and training programme .

A novel design concept of a compact printable orientation independent chipless RFID tag is presented. The tag consists of a circular patch loaded with multiple slot ring resonators. This symmetric frequency domain based tag has the advantage to be read from any orientation with the reader antennas. The tag can be read in close proximity by chipless RFID tag reader with waveguide(s) and also can be read in both near field and far-field of the RFID tag reader with antennas. This tag does not have a ground plane and has higher data density compared to the existing printable chipless tags. The usability of this single sided tag in close proximity is verified by waveguide measurements for both proximity applications such as on ID access cards, item level tagging etc. and slot reading application such as on banknotes, credit cards etc.

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