Flood is a recurrent natural disaster that has caused enormous human and material damage in many places and continues to hit local committees at an alarming rate. The need to setup permanent committees to prevent and manage flood disasters by local communities is therefore indispensable. In rural areas, the creation of such a structure is always a welcome relief to flood victims but it is often marred by numerous management problems. This study aimed to analyze the community-based approach in the prevention and management of flood disasters in Babessi Subdivision (North West Cameroon), to identify the causes of flood disasters and the preventive strategies used by this local community. A total number of 300 questionnaires as well as structured interviews were used to collect data in the field and the data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics. The main results revealed that the main cause of flood disasters is heavy and consistent rainfall. Also, poor refuse disposal and drainage system management contribute to floods. The identification of areas likely to be affected by floods and preventing the riparian population from constructing houses along these areas especially beside the main rivers are the flood preventive measures adopted by the local flood management committee. The flood victims are reluctant to relocate to the settlement site earmarked by the Government, meanwhile, the local flood committee do not have the legal tools to forcefully relocate them. The population of Babessi needs to be sensitized on the impending dangers of flood hazard and be encouraged to particiHow to cite this paper:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Warm thank to 'Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF)' through 'Projet de soutien aux équipes de recherche n° 51110SU201' for supplement analyses.
ABSTRACTNew insights on geochemistry of the alkaline volcanism of Ngaoundéré in Adamawa plateau enable the petrogenesis modelling of Ngaoundéré Miocene lava series. Mass-balance crystal fractionation, closed-system Assimilation, Fractional Crystallization (AFC) and partial melting rate modeling attempted for Ngaoundéré volcanism are re-examined. Inductively Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Couple Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analyses show that lavas are microlitic porphyritic textures. Decrease of major element (MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , CaO) with increasing SiO 2 contents results from fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene and Fe-Ti-oxides in the parental basaltic magma. Similarly, for felsic magma, decrease in Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O and K 2 O contents depends upon feldspar fractionation and decrease in P 2 O 5 from apatite fractionation, thus underline a typical feature of alkaline basaltic lavas of Ngaoundéré volcanism. The results evidence the differentiation by fractional crystallization process. Parental magmas of Ngaoundéré volcanism have undergone a low partial melting rate (2 to 3 %) of the heterogeneous mantle source.
Peridotite xenoliths of wehrlite composition, scarcely known in Adamawa plateau, Cameroon, were sampled by Mio-Pliocene basanites from Hosséré Do Guessa volcano. Their origins are discussed and elucidated trough petrography and mineral chemistry. Studied wehrlites exhibit poikilitic or protogranular textures and are composed of four main mantle phases (high Mg-olivine, augite, enstatite and Al-spinel). Petrographic and microprobe (Camebax SX100) chemical data (Fo90.8-91.4 olivine, Wo39.4-42.0 augite, En90.5-91.1 enstatite and Al-spinel) suggest a mantle origin for the Hosséré Do Guessa wehrlites. Hence, these rocks could not be considered cumulate. They have been equilibrated between 1,140 and 1,220°C, at pressures of 1.5–2.0 GPa, at 50–66 km deep, below the crust-mantle boundary. Wehrlites might result in reactions with carbonate/carbonatite melt, accompanying CO2 degassing and metasomatism by fluid phases. They suffered transpressional tectonics, during movement at Tertiary times of Pan-African strike-slip-faults, after solid-state tectonic relaxation.
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