The present study was designed to examine the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of Bunium incrassatum extracts prepared in five different solvents with increasing polarities. RP-HPLC analysis resulted in the identification of 12 phenolic compounds, including 8 phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid) and 4 flavonoids (catechin, hesperetin, luteolin, and quercetin). Two different test systems were used to assess the antioxidant activity: DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. Methanol extract exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging potential and even low inhibitory effect against β-carotene bleaching, whereas chloroform extract showed the highest effect against β-carotene bleaching and a weak scavenging potential. As expected, methanol extract recorded the highest content of total phenolics (26.57±0.15 mg GAE/g E), while chloroform extract has been found to be the richest in flavonoids.
Bunium incrassatum, commonly called 'Talghouda', is one of the most important plant species in the traditional Algerian pharmacopoeia, used for medicinal and culinary purposes. Despite its benefits, it still remains a scientifically neglected species, particularly in terms of its phenolic profile. The current study sought to evaluate the influence of the variation in solvents' polarities on the phenolic profile of B.incrassatum seeds by conventional spectrophotometric techniques and also by highperformance liquid chromatography, as well as their effects on the antioxidant activity of extracts using DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assays. Methanol extract showed the highest DPPH scavenging ability and also the highest inhibitory potential against the bleaching of β-carotene (IC50=0.15±0.02 and 0.41±0.03 mg/mL, respectively). Thirteen phenolic compounds were identified, a flavanol (catechin), two flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin), two flavanones (hesperetin, naringenin) and eight phenolic acids: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and syringic acid. These results support the few previous studies showing that Bunium incrassatum, as an endemic species, is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that requires further investigations.
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