Sucrose is a necessary external carbon substrate for in vitro microtuber induction and development. In this study, we determined the correlation between sucrose and microtuber formation in potato by investigating the role and significance of sucrose in the medium and the origin of explants, as well as the potential function of sucrose in microtuber formation in vitro. Sucrose strongly influences microtuber induction, growth, and earliness without negative side effects. The results of this study show there was a significant correlation of R 2 = 0.95 between tuberization and high sucrose content in the medium. High sucrose content in the medium is the carbon source that influences microtuber formation and development irrespective of the origin of explants. The present work could be considered efficient for large scale multiplication and propagation of this important vegetable crop in vitro. Hence, the results of this study should help rapid micropropagation of commercial potato cultivars by using high concentrations of sucrose in the microtuberization medium for a higher percentage of microtuber formation with earliness.
IntroductionSeedling cultures of Crotalaria burhia BUCH.-HAM. were established in revised MURASHICE and Skooc's medium. Analysis of static cultures revealed the presence of six rotenoids e.g., elliptone, deguelin, toxicarol, rotenone, sumatrol and tephrosin which were confirmed by their co-chrornat~graph~, mp, mmp, IR spectra and microanalysis.Application of rotenoids in agriculture and horticulture has extensively been studied by many workers [I-5. Although rotenoids have been reported in a number of Leguminous plant species but recently SHARMA and KHANNA [9] and KHANNA and BANSAL [8] isolated rotenoids in tissue cultures of Tephrosia purpurea, T. vogelii and roots of CrotaDownloaded by: NYU. Copyrighted material.
Somatic callus cultures of Solanum khasianum CLARKE, from excised radicle, whole seedling, root, shoot-apex and leaf were established in revised MURASHICEand S~OOG'S medium. Analysis o f different static cultures revealed the presence of the glycoalkaloid, solasodine. Maximum amount (0.0671 010) of solasodine was observed in the callus cultures obtained from whole seedling. Solasodine occurs in a large number of .Solanaceae [I]. It is a major constituent for the commercial production of corticosteroid hormones. Although, .Solanurn alkaloids hare been reported in a number of Solanum species only recently KHANNA et al. [2] identified sapogenins and solasodine in some solanaceous plants.The present report deals with the production and isolation of solasodine from somatic tissue cultures of Solanum khasianum CLARKE.Sterilized seeds of S. khasianum were inoculated in revised [3] MURASHIGE and SKOOG medium (RT) supplemented with 1 mgll of 2,4-D and 1 0 1 0 agar. Seedlings grown on the above medium were isolated and callus cultures from excised radicle, whole seedling, root, shoot-apex and leaf were established in MURASHIGE and S K O~G [4] medium (MS) supplemented with 2 mgll each of 2,4-D, IAA and Kinetin. The cultures were grown and maintained for a period of six months after periodic subcul-turing~ every 5-7 weeks in fresh modified MS medium. Various tissue samples were harvested, weighed and growth indices calculated after every two weeks. The various tissue samples were harvested after an interval of every two weeks, dried, ~o w d e r e d and soxhleted with ethanol [5]. The alkaloid was precipitated by ammonium hydroxide from this ethanol extract. The alkaloid fraction obtained was dissolved in chloroform and applied on silica gel G plates which were developed in chloroforinmethanol (19 : 1). Such ~l a t e s when sprayed with DRAGENDORFF reagent showed only one spot (Rf 0.24) corresponding to the reference solasodine. The aglycone fraction was quantitatively estimated by the method of BIRNER [6] using a BausA & Lomb Spectronic 20 colorimeter. The isolated compound was crystallized [i'] and then showed a mp (199-200° C) and I R spectra identical with solasodine.Maximum (18.33) growth index was ob-Downloaded by: Chinese University of Hong Kong. Copyrighted material.
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