No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

In this study, the real-time energy management system (RT-EMS) of a microgrid (MG) is proposed to deal with different uncertainties due to the errors in the prediction of renewable generation, load and market price. In the day-ahead EMS, the error in prediction of data; thus, the uncertainties in the scheduling are dealt with using different scheduling methods. Nonetheless, utilising the online RT measurements is an advanced solution to eliminate the uncertainties because there would be no prediction error in employing the RT information. In this study, a RT-EMS of a MG is designed using the Lyapunov optimisation method. In RT-EMS, satisfying the time-coupled constraints such as the battery energy limit and provision of load quality of service is a demanding challenge. This problem is addressed in Lyapunov optimisation by defining distinct virtual queues for satisfaction of time-coupled constraints. Moreover, the variable V algorithm is employed to provide a better compromise between stabilising the virtual queues and the total operation cost. A test MG system consisting of combined heat and power units, renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and flexible loads is used for evaluation. The underlying distribution network and power distribution loss are further considered satisfying the voltage limits.

No abstract