In this study, nanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), using the synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanorods and commercial nanopowder of titanium dioxide (Degussa P25) were produced by melt blending. The presence of TiO 2 nanorods in PVC matrix led to an improvement in mechanical properties of PVC nanocomposites in comparison with unfilled PVC. The photocatalytic degradation behavior of PVC nanocomposites were investigated by measuring their structural change evaluations, surface tension, and mechanical properties before and after UV exposure for 500 h. It was found that mechanical and physical properties of PVC nanocomposites are not reduced significantly after UV exposure in the presence of TiO 2 nanorods in comparison with the presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles, which can be due to the amorphous structure of the synthesized nanorods. Therefore, it can be concluded that TiO 2 nanorods led to an improvement in photostability and mechanical properties of PVC nanocomposites. The interfacial adhesion between TiO 2 nanorods and PVC matrix was also investigated.
In this research, we have investigated the photocatalytic degradation of carbon-coated TiO 2 nanoparticles in polypropylene-based nano-composites. For this purpose, polypropylene-based nano-composites were prepared using carbon-coated TiO 2 nanoparticles and commercially available TiO 2 nanoparticles (Degussa, P25). Our results from SEM, FTIR, and tensile tests showed that the photocatalytic property of TiO 2 causes chain scission reactions, crosslinking and consequently photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene that affects the mechanical properties of exposed nano-composites. We have observed that with greater carbon content of the TiO 2 nano-powders, there is less photocatalytic degradation.
In this present study, various types of TiO 2 nanostructures were synthesised via hydrothermal method from a commercial titanium dioxide. The effects of the initial concentration of titanium dioxide and the reaction time on the morphology of synthesised nanostructures were investigated. The TiO 2 nanostructures were calcined at 500 C and examined for the photocatalytic performance by decomposing formic acid as an organic pollutant. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and X-ray diffraction were employed to characterise the synthesised TiO 2 nanostructures. The outcomes showed more influence of reaction time rather than initial TiO 2 concentration on the properties of TiO 2 nanostructures. Various TiO 2 nanostructures such as, nanorods and nanotubes were fabricated at different initial TiO 2 concentrations and reaction times. In addition, the synthesised nanorod structures showed higher photocatalytic activity than the nanotubes. This is owing to the presence of rutile-anatase combined crystalline phases in the nanorod structures.
In recent years, researchers have tried to include living cells into electrospun nanofibers or droplets, leading to the field of live cell electrospinning and bio‐electrospraying . In live cell electrospinning and bio‐electrospraying, cells are embedded in a polymer and subject to the process of mechanical and electrical stimulation of the process. The resulting nanofiber mats or droplets with embedded cells have several potential applications in tissue engineering. The nanofiber structure provides a supportive and porous environment for cells to grow and interact with their surroundings. This can be favorable for tissue regeneration, where the goal is to create functional tissues that closely mimic the extracellular matrix. However, there are also challenges associated with live cell electrospinning and electrospraying, including maintaining cell viability and uniform cell distribution within the nanofiber mat. Additionally, the electrospinning/electrospraying process can have an impact on cell behavior, phenotype, and genotype, which must be cautiously monitored and studied. Overall, the goal of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the existing literature on cell electrospinning and bio‐electrospraying.
Bisphosphonate release from calcium phosphate cement has been investigated. We hypothesized that local delivery of bisphosphonate from the calcium phosphate cement improves the mechanical properties. Different samples with different concentration of Etidronate disodium have been made and analyzed. We observed a dual behavior from Etidronate in retarding and accelerating the setting of calcium phosphate cement in low and high concentration respectively. After soaking samples in simulated body fluid, an optimum concentration of Etidronate disodium was added to the calcium phosphate paste in order to achieve the best mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to determine hydroxyapatite peaks on the surface of the bio-cement, which confirms the hydroxyapatite formation.
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