If the operation of existing vortex drop shafts should be verified, then it is essential to know the hydraulic performance of these special structures under both subcritical and supercritical flow regimes. The purpose of the present research consisted, then, in providing practical guidelines and recommendations for managing the hydraulic design and verification of subcritical and supercritical vortex drop shafts. The examination of various experimental results from physical model investigations allowed to show that the inlet channel and the spiral inlet behave differently depending on the energy approach flow content. The main dissimilarity lied, however, in the functioning of the vertical shaft and the dissipation chamber. The rotation of the falling flow along the vertical shaft was more evident for approach supercritical flows. Severe flow conditions in terms of water depths and bottom pressures could be observed in the dissipation chamber under a supercritical flow regime. The design of this special component must be carried with prudence compared with the subcritical flow regime because failure events as the chamber submergence and the crash of the bottom surface just under the shaft outlet may occur for approach supercritical flows.
In this paper, considering the accumulation of the sediments on the fl oor of the vortex settling basin during sediment extracting, curvature submerge vanes were used on the fl oor of the vortex basin and the eff ect of the size of the orifi ce was studied on the performance of the curvature submerge vanes for sediment leaching of the fl oor of the basin. Experiments were performed on a physical model with a height of 90 cm and a diameter of 206 cm and a fl oor slope of 10% and also three orifi ces were used with diameters of 59, 46 and 36 mm. The submerge vanes were placed in diff erent arrangements and diff erent radial sections. The results of the experiments indicated that the performance of the vanes in sediment extracting on the fl oor is primarily infl uenced by the orifi ce and secondly by the arrangements and radial sections of the vanes' placements.
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