Background: Obesity in children has raised worries about public health and hygiene. In this study, we intended to evaluate the obesity rate among the children from first grade elementary schools throughout Sari, in the north of Iran. Moreover, we evaluated the possible effects of mother's life conditions on the estimation of obesity in children. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, the study population included first grade elementary school students in Sari, north of Iran. Sampling was carried out through multi-stage and stratified randomization at level of the target students. Using stadiometer and digital scales, the height and weight were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI) was also calculated. A questionnaire about eating habits and socioeconomic status of parents was employed. Data collection was conducted using phone interview with parents as well as the questionnaire's records. Analysis of data was conducted in SPSS v.22 using suitable statistical tests. IBM SPSS Amos software was utilized for path analysis. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: It was observed that 15% of the evaluated cases were obese. There was an association between BMI of the obese cases and lifestyle-related habits. Path analysis revealed significant impression of patient's habitus on the obesity of children. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the overall prevalence of obesity in Sari was high, which proposes the necessity for serious consideration in the health system, and designing, developing, and implementing preventive approaches with regard to childhood obesity.
Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the most common causes of blood-borne infections. In order to prevent viral hepatitis and confront with the virus on the next step, health providers specify infected patients by screening and vaccination. This study is designed to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HD patients in Mazandaran, Iran. Methods: The medical records of 216 patients referred to the hemodialysis centers were evaluated in this cross-sectional study between 2019 and 2020. The collected data was analyzed using t -test and Chi-square. Results: Among 216 patients, 106 cases were female (49.07%) and 110 subjects were male (50.9%). The mean age was 40.1 y/o in females and 50.9 y/o in the male patients. The study recorded nine HBs-Ag positive (prevalence: 0.06%) and 15 HCV-Ab positive (prevalence: 6.94%) patients. Also, the most common co-morbidities were diabetes and hypertension. It was observed that 13 patients from 34 patients with negative HBs-Ag (who had 10–100 U HBs-Ab in the first stage) experienced sudden drop in the antibody titration to less than 10 U ( P < 0.05). From 50 HBs-Ag negative patients with HBs-Ab more than 100 U in the first stage, antibody titration of five patients was decreased to less than 10 U in the second stage ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV and HBV was low in HD patients in Mazandaran province. However, due to the large number of patients with non-protective HBs-Ab levels, there is a risk of an increased prevalence of the disease.
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