Objectives: Obesity is regarded as one of the most prominent health threats worldwide and a serious risk factor for non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Given the role that societal development-as reflected by the Human Development Index (HDI)-may play in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, this study aimed to investigate the degree to which the prevalence of obesity and overweight is affected by HDI and its components. Methods: In this ecological study, the required data on HDI and its components were gathered from the latest report of the United Nations Development Program, and data on obesity and overweight were acquired from the latest reports published on the World Health Organization website. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 24.0. Results: The prevalence of obesity was determined to be significantly higher among females than males, and the gross national index per capita was found to be significantly higher for males than females (p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between HDI and its components and sex, as well as indices of obesity and overweight. Conclusions: A significant positive correlation exists between HDI and obesity. As policy-makers attempt to improve the general welfare of the people, they should be aware of potential unwanted effects of development on the risk of obesity and overweight among the population.
Aims: Diabetes mortality undergoes a growing trend worldwide that results in reducing life expectancy in society. Diabetes has been a significant health challenge in recent decades and imposed a lot of economic burden on the community. The present study aimed to evaluate the trend of diabetes mortality in Iran over five years. Methods & Materials: The mortality data published by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education has been used in this analytical cross-sectional study. The number and rate of diabetic cases are specified based on age, gender, location, and the death process from 2006 to 2010. Findings: About 54.9% and 45.1% of the deaths occurred in women and men, respectively, with a male to female ratio of 0.82. The highest death rate was observed in individuals aged above 70 and 50-69 years with an average age of 68.1 years. A higher mortality rate was observed in the cities than in the countryside, and 40% of deaths occurred due to non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Diabetes mortality has increased from 2006 to 2010. Higher deaths were observed in women and cities. Considering the increasing population of older adults in Iran, diabetes prevention and control interventions can be carried out through screening, planning, and education.
Background: Vital civil information is recorded in only 25% of middle-income countries. Aims: To estimate the number and causes of deaths expected in the population, using hospital mortality data and comparing them with data from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: Hospital mortality data for 2011-2015 were extracted and were corrected qualitatively through reference to medical records. Using Murray's proposed method, an estimate of the expected deaths was obtained according to cause of death. Results: During 2011-2015, 12 704 deaths were recorded in the hospital and Murray's method estimated 28 768 deaths for the entire population. The most frequent cause of death was ischemic heart disease. The results were compared with data from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, which had a relative error of 6.9% and -13.5% respectively. The mortality rates registered by the Civil Registration Office were higher than those estimated in the present study. The mortality rates registered by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education were lower than those in the present study. Conclusions: Considering the importance of registering deaths, alternative methods, with efficiency and low cost, are needed to estimate the number and causes of death in a population.
Background. COVID-19 is a global pandemic and has plagued many countries with unprecedented management problems. The rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world has reduced the ability of countries to address and respond to essential health services. Most countries have taken steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and improve essential services. The National Mobilization Plan against COVID-19 in Iran’s healthcare system was implemented in 5 stages until the September of 2021. This study aimed to assess and review medical universities' performance in the third step of management and control of COVID-19 to provide documents and reports to be used in similar experiences. Methods. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from electronic records at the primary health care facilities. Data were analyzed and reported using descriptive statistical methods, including comparative tables and graphs. In order to prepare the report, Excel 2016 software was used. The third step of the National Mobilization Plan against COVID-19 was implemented from August 10, 2020, to November 10, 2020. In this step, while re-emphasizing the importance and necessity of verbal and laboratory screening of COVID-19, essential health services provision was highlighted as "in person and remote services" for the covered population. Results. In the third step of national mobilization, 59,109,413 people were screened for COVID-19. During the third step, non-COVID essential services increased compared to the previous three months, with the most significant increase in middle-aged care. Conclusion. After implementing the third step of National Mobilization Plan against COVID-19 in Iran, the number of delivered services in all target groups has increased. This indicates the effectiveness of the third step in the fight against COVID-19 and has increased the provision of Essential Health Services.
Background & objectives: Accidents are one of the main causes of death worldwide. Iran has one of the highest death rates due to unintentional injuries among countries. The first step in preventing and controlling accidents is collecting basic information about the severity and type of injuries. Methods: This study was conducted to estimate the burden of death due to accidents and injuries in Ardabil province. Death information was extracted from the death registration program of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The World Health Organization website has been used to calculate the number of years lost in life. Results: A total of 402 deaths due to accidents have been registered of whom 76.9% were male and 23.1% were female. The average age of the deceased was 39.4 (SD) and 54.2% lived in urban areas and 45.8% lived in rural areas. The YLLs for the total population was 16493 years. The largest amount was related to traffic accidents with 6628 years. The highest number of years was lost in the age group of 20 to 24 years. Conclution: The incidence of death from accidents was estimated to be 31.64 in 100,000 people. Considering the high mortality rate and the resulting YLL in Ardabil province, this issue should be considered as a serious public health problem and planning to prevent these injuries.
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