Keys to genera of cestodes in South American freshwater teleost fishes are provided, with diagnoses of genera and short descriptions of species. Two new genera are proposed, Chambriella gen.n. for Goezeella agostinhoi Pavanelli & Santos, 1992 and G paranaensis Pavanelli & Rego, 1989, and Brooksiella gen.n. for Amphoteromorphus praeputialis Rego, Santos & Silva, 1974. Nomimoscolex magna Rego, Santos & Silva, 1974, previously species inquirenda, is transferred to the genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858. Goezeella nupeliensis Pavanelli & Rego, 1989 is considered a species inquirenda. Species and host lists are included

Cladistic analysis based on comparative morphology was used to examine the subfamily-level relationships within the cestode order Proteocephalidea. A single most parsimonious tree (70 steps, CI = 0.571; RC = 0.295; HI = 0.471) is consistent with monophyly for the Proteocephalidea and showed a relatively high consistency at the family level with the diagnosis of two major subclades.

Os autores iniciam com este trabalho um estudo sistemático de determinação dos cestóides de peixes depositados na Coleção helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. São referidas ou descritas as seguintes espécies e seus hospedeiros: Schizochoerus liguloideus (Diesing, 1850) e Nesolecithus janicki Posche, 1922, ambas de Arapaima gigas (Cuvier), (piracuru); Gyrocotyle meandrica Herrera, 1946, de Callorhynchus callorhynchus (L.), (quimera); Acanthobothrium dasybati Yamaguti, 1934 e Pterobothriidae não identificado, de uma arraia não determinada; três tipos larvares de trypanorrhyncha e um de Proteocephalidea, de Cynoscion striatus (Cuv.) e C. leiarchus (pescadinha); Proteocephalus jandia Woodland, 1934, de um bagre não determinado. Monticellia siluri (Fuhrmann, 1916) e Amphoteromorphus praeputialis sp. n. de Cetopsis caecutiens e Nomimoscolex magna sp. n. de Pimelodus clarias (mandi).
The authors start, with this note, a systematic study for determination of cestodes of fishes of the Helminthological Collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. The following species and hosts are refered and described: Schizochoerus liguloideus (Diesing, 1850) and Nesolecithus janicki poche, 1922 both of Arapaima gigas (Cuvier); Gyrocotyle meandrica Herrera, 1946 of Callorhynchus callorhynchus (L.),Acanthobothrium dasybati Yamaguti, 1934 and Pterobothriidae unidentified, of an indeterminate ray; three types of larvae of Trypanorrhyncha and type of Proteocephalidea, of Cynoscion striatus (Cuv.) and C. leiarchus; Proteocephalus jandia Woodland, 1934 of an indeterminate catfish; Monticellia siluri (Furhrmann, 1916) and Amphoteromorphus praeputialis sp. n. of Cetopsis caecutiens and Nomimoscolex magna sp. n. of Pimelodus clarias

Reassessment is made of certain genera and species of the Sebekidae, utilizing recently developed criteria to define them more clearly. Sebekia oxycephala is redescribed and S. wedli is placed in synonomy with it. S. divestei, not studied, is also believed to be synonymous with S. oxycephala. Alofiaplatycephala is redescribed and A. merki is placed in synonomy with it. Alofia is closely related to Sebekia. Sebekia microhamus n.sp. is distinct, based on its relatively small hooks. Diesingia is dropped and D. megastoma is redescribed and placed in Sebekia. Its utilization of chelonians as its definitive host is confirmed. The 'gemminate' hooks of Pentastomum gracile are redescfibed as being typical of those in nymphal Sebekidae.

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