Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a crop of increasing interest due to its agro-ecological adaptability and high nutritional properties. Few information is available on the adaptability of quinoa in the Sahel region, and on genotype's phenological, morphological and agronomical responses to different planting methods and sowing density rates. To test the effect of planting and sowing methods, two separate experiments were carried out in Burkina Faso to examine the performance of different genotypes (Titicaca, Puno, Pasankalla and Negra Collana) to multiple planting methods (ridges, dibbling, broadcasting, transplanting, traditional-pits and flat sowing) and sowing density rates (from 80,000 to 200,000 plants ha-1). The results showed significant differences among genotypes in terms of growth attributes, with higher yields when sown in ridges (10.7, 8.4 and 5.7 g plant-1 Puno, Pasankalla and Titicaca, respectively). In addition, higher yields were observed under low density rates, with plant spacing being compensated by changes in branch system. However, higher yields were reported per unit area (Titicaca with 98.8 g m-2) under high density treatments (200,000 plants ha-1). As a conclusion, the use of short cycle varieties (Titicaca and Puno) sown in ridges at high density rates was recommended.
The identification of stable and adaptable high yielding quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and, highly discriminative environments are worthwhile for a successful introduction and adoption of this crop in Burkina Faso. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship among test environments, to identify the most discriminative and representative test environment(s), and to identify high yielding and stable quinoa variety. The study highlighted that prevailing agrometeorological conditions in an area determine the specificity of the environment. Thus, quinoa growth and productivity is affected by differences in pedological and meteorological conditions. Emerging findings showed that environment E1 at Farako-Bâ characterized by a relative low wind speed (2.03 m/s), no rainfall (0 mm) and moderate temperature (25.07°C), was efficient discriminative and representative of quinoa growing conditions in Burkina Faso for both grain yield and grain yield per plant. Quinoa varieties, Puno and Titicaca were the highest yielding (1132 and 892 kg/ha, respectively) and stable across the environments, while Pasankalla, with an average yield of 779 kg/ha, showed a specific adaptation in two environments having a short day length located at Saria and Lanfiera. The photoperiodicity and temperature were key factors determining the adaptation of this variety in an environment. Plant height and number of branches of Negra Collana were highly stable but its yield performance was low (121 kg/ha). The research implications of this study are numerous, including tailoring quinoa growing calendars and screening a large number of genotypes under the best test environment identified, prior a multi-location trial.
The objective of this article is to design and characterize the technical performance of the agricultural residue grinding function integrated into the operation of a multi-purpose cereal thresher. For the farmer, this equipment will have the advantage to realize out threshing, grinding, and water pumping. Water pumping will allowwatering the agricultural residues after their grinding.The Functional Analysis (FA) was used to identify new useful functions and technical solutions for the grinding function to be integrated into the design. The multifunctional thresher-grinder has been designed and manufactured. Grinding performance tests compared to manual machete cutting of corn and rice residues were performed. The results show that production times per tonne of the broyats are higher than those of manual machete cutting more than 61%. The size of the broyats is reduced from 17 to 72%, and the diameter from 71 to 80% compared to manual machete cutting. These results will be used as benchmarks for testing other types of residues.
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