The study aims to know some of the physical and mechanical properties of limestone rocks within the Pila Spi and Sinjar Formations at the southwestern limb of Bazian Fold within the Sulaymaniyah Governorate, in order to show their suitability as riprap stones. The tests showed that the values of the dry density of these rocks ranged between (1.857-2.341) g/cm³, the water absorption rate ranged from (1.848-9.87)%, and the specific weight ranged from (2.167-2.255), and the values of the chemical erosion ratio ranged between (8.9-29)%. After knowing the physical and mechanical properties of these limestone rocks and comparing them with the standard specifications of the riprap stones, it was found that these rocks are not suitable for riprap purposes in all the stations of the study area most of the stations of the study area.
The research aims to find the suitability of limestone rocks belonging to the Sinjar and Pila Spi Formations in the southwestern part of the Bazian fold in Sulaymaniyah Governorate for building purposes and as a railway ballast stone by conducting some important geotechnical laboratory tests and comparing them with the required standard specifications for building stones and railway ballast stone. Through these tests, it was found that the values of the dry density of the studied samples ranged from (1.87-2.31) (g/cm³), while the values of the water absorption coefficient ranged from (1.84-9.87)%, and the specific weight values ranged from (2.16-2.25), while the values of The unconfined compressive strength ranged between (31-55) MPa in its natural state, and the Flexural strength values ranged from (5.5-11.9) MPa, and the mechanical abrasion percentage values ranged between (24.4%-61.6%). After comparing the values of these properties with the specifications required for building stones and the specifications required for railway ballast stones, it was found that the limestone rocks in the study area are suitable for building purposes, but they are not valid as a railway ballast stone.
The study includes field and laboratory studies of sand dunes in Baiji area and the possibility of fixing the dunes by using industrial waste water and ground water available in the area. It is found that the sand dunes are different types such as Burchan, sief, transverse and sand sheets. The movement direction of the sand dunes have identified for the purpose of constructing green belt to fix the sand dunes and decrease the desertification in the area.
The study area is located in the southeastern part of Safen Anticline, northeastern Iraq. The aim of the study is to discuss the listric fault role in the change of the deposition basin topography of Bekhme and Shiranish formations and finally change of their thicknesses. The field data picked up in September of 2020 include bed attitudes and formation boundaries, with their positions. After the drawing of three cross sections and calculating the thickness of Bekhme and Shiranish formations in the studied area, the results showed that the thickness of the Bekhme Formation which represents the reef environment, increases in thickness within the northeastern limb of the fold, While the thickness of the Shiranish Formation which represents the deep environment, increases within the southwestern limb of the fold. These changes were concluded as result occurred due to the reverse movement of the Listeric fault responsible for the growth of the fold synchronously with Bekhme and Shiranish formation deposition.
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