A AU4 c bstractOlive mill wastewater (OMWW) has high added-value compounds namely phenolic alcohols, phenolic acid, flavonoids, and lignans. OMWW causes a certain amount of toxicity/phytotoxicity because of its phenolic compounds, which demands removal to acceptable levels before being discharged into water bodies. Therefore, the treatment of phenolic compounds of OMWW is very much needed. Actually, electrochemistry method is becoming a substitute method for wastewater treatment using modified carbon as an electrode. The modification of granular activated carbon with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was done based on the deep-coating procedure. Electrochemistry degradation of phenol, with a molecular formula C 6 H 5 OH, was studied using an activated carbon modified by ZnO as an electrode. The composite activated carbon-ZnO was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction, Transformer Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy, and the measure of pH PZC . The techniques used in this work confirmed that ZnO was immobilized onto activated carbon surface. The morphology and the chemical composition of activated carbon have been changed after the ZnO grafting. Electrochemical performances of the electrochemical process were determined under different conditions, like pH, nature, and concentration of the supporting electrolyte. In this work, NaCl is used as a supporting electrolyte; phenol groups were oxidized by indirect electrochemical oxidation. The degradation of 95% of phenol was achieved after 30 min at the optimal operating conditions (pH = 2 in 3% NaCl). It was concluded that electrochemical oxidation using activated carbon-ZnO is a promising process for the destruction of all phenolic compounds present in OMWW. This opens new perspectives in the field of adsorbent materials, to prepare very efficient carbon for environmental phenol remediation.
The tetracycline group (TCs) includes the most common antibiotics for treatment of both human and animal infections. TCs are resistant to biological degradation; hence, conventional wastewater treatments are unable to remove these contaminants.Here, the utilization of different electrochemical processes, such as electro-Fenton (EF), direct anodic oxidation (AO) and indirect oxidation by electrogenerated active chlorine (EAC), for the treatment of aqueous solutions of oxytetracycline (OTC), which is one of the TCs, was studied. The effect of various operating conditions was evaluated to optimize the selected processes. EAC gave the fastest abatement of OTC, but the lowest removal of TOC and formation of chlorate. However, the utilization of carbon felt cathodes allowed the formation of chlorate to be reduced. AO gave the highest TOC removals, but it required the use of an expensive anode, as BDD, and high cell potentials. EF performed with pressurized-air (5-10 bar) presented intermediate removals of OTC and TOC with respect to AO and EAC and consumed the least energy.
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