Lack of access to safe drinking water is an issue in some areas where centralized water treatment is not possible, the biosand filter (BSF) one of several such point-of-use technologies is available. This study was conducted in Côte d’Ivoire to evaluate the effect of flow rate on the performance of the BSF. Three biosand filter (BSF) built in Poly vinyl chloride was used to investigate the effect of three flow rates (1.95 L/d in BSF1; 3.9 L/d in BSF2 and 7.8 L/d in BSF3) for 91 days. Each BSF was filled with 15 cm of gravel, 90 cm of sand and 40 cm of supernatant water. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed in raw water and filtered water with standards methods. The results showed that the percentage removal of TSS approximately the same for all filters. Ammonium concentrations ranged from 37 to 170 μg.L-1, 110 to 190 μg.L-1 and 150 to 278 μg.L-1 for filtered waters of BSF1, BSF2 and BSF3, respectively. Nitrite concentrations in filtered waters of BSF1 (2 - 33 μg.L-1) were less than those of BSF2 (5 - 45 μg.L-1) and BSF3 (7 - 49.5 μg.L-1). Nitrate concentrations in filtered waters of BSF2 (1.9 to 4 mg.L-1) and BSF3 (1.6 to 4.2 mg.L-1) were higher than those of BSF1 (0.6 to 2.3 mg.L-1). Chemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency for BSF3 (68.2 ± 9.5%) was lower compared to BSF2 (82.6 ± 3.8%) and BSF1 (93.7 ± 2.8%). The flow rate has an influence only on the removal of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and Chemical Oxygen Demand. The best treatment results were obtained with the minimum flow rate (1.95 L/d).
Abattoirs are source of huge amounts of waste that contribute to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus, to the global warming and climate change. Treating these was with biodigester technology could be a suitable alternative to GHG emission mitigation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for GHG emission mitigation by a biodigester to be installed at the abattoir of Port-Bouët in the District of Abidjan as a pilot project. More specifically, it aims to: (i) estimate the daily biogas production from 2013 to 2018 according to the mathematical methods of Hashimoto, Gwogon, and Amahrouch, and an empirical method, (ii) evaluate the environmental benefits of the biodigester by estimating the avoided GHG emissions according to the methods mentioned above.The mathematical methods used are those of Hashimoto, Gwogon and Amahrouch. In addition, the empirical method was also used. The results showed that regardless of the method, the amount of biogas increased from 2013 to 2017 and decreased in 2018. The highest daily biogas productions are obtained in 2017 for all methods. Thus, the biogas volumes are 564.50 m3 in a biodigester of 2792.64 m3 according to the Hashimoto method, 724.15 m3 for the biodigester of 2228.14 m3 with the Gwogon method and 557.03 m3 for digesters of volumes 2785.17 m3 calculated with the Amahrouch method. According to the empirical method, the maximum volume of biogas is 631.31 m3. Regarding the amount of CO2 avoided per kilogram of dung, the values ranged from 41579.88 to 71561.17 kg CO2e for the Gwogon method, 41643.46 to 71670.58 kg CO2e for the empirical method, 41689.19 to 71749.30 kg CO2e for the Hashimoto method, and 41694.30 to 71758.10 kg CO2e for the Amahrouch method. These results show a great environmental and economic potential of the installation of a biodigester for the treatment of the waste of the slaughterhouse of Port-Bouët. The choice of the anaerobic digestion process was a continuous mixed biodigester where the substrate is introduced daily with liquid.
Abattoirs are a source of huge waste that contributes to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, thus, to global warming and climate change. This study aimed to evaluate the GHG emission mitigation potential of a biodigester to be installed at the abattoir of Port-Bouët in the District of Abidjan. Mathematical methods developed by Hashimoto, Gwogon, and Amahrouch and an empirical method were used to assess this mitigation potential. The results showed that regardless of the methods, biogas volumes increased from 2013 to 2017 and decreased in 2018. The highest daily biogas production was obtained in 2017 for all the methods. According to Hashimoto's method, the biogas volume was 564.50 m3 in a biodigester of 2792.64 m3. Gwogon's method led to a biogas volume of 724.15 m3 for a 2228.14 m3 biodigester. The calculated volume of biogas with the Amahrouch method was 557.03 m3 for a 2785.17 m3 biodigester. The empirical method showed a maximum biogas volume of 631.31 m3. The amount of CO2 avoided per kilogram of dung ranged from 41579.88 to 71561.17 kg CO2e, 41643.46 to 71670.58 kg CO2e, 41689.19 to 71749.30 kg CO2e for Gwogon, empirical and Hashimoto methods, respectively. The values ranged from 41694.30 to 71758.10 kg CO2e for the Amahrouch method. These results show a biodigester's tremendous environmental and economic potential for treating the waste of the slaughterhouse of Port-Bouët.
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