Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. (Fabaceae) root bark is used in Ivorian Traditional Medicine to treat asthma, which is a respiratory disorder characterized by inflammation and the restriction of tracheal muscles obstructing the air circulation. The tracheal relaxant effect of a crude aqueous-alcoholic extract of the plant root bark was previously shown. For the present study, alkaloids were isolated from the same extract and investigated ex vivo in C57Bl/6j mice isolated trachea contracted with carbachol 1 µM, in comparison with a reference bronchodilatator, i.e. salbutamol. Two extraction procedures allowed isolating 2 Alkaloids that monodimensional and bi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass specters allowed identifying a pyrolidine structure type nucleus with a long bi-hydroxyled alkyl chain. Alkaloid 1, carrier of a sugar, is a glycoside of Alkaloid 2. Both alkaloids induced similar spasmolytic effects, but Alkaloid 1 was more effective than Alkaloid 2 at 9 × 10 −6 M (p ˂ 0.01), 3 × 10 −5 M, and 9 × 10 −5 M (p ˂ 0.001). Salbutamol induced its spasmolytic effect in a different way, and its maximal effect E max (less than 30%) was obtained at 9 × 10 −6 M, while E max of both alkaloids (100%) was obtained at 3 × 10 −4 M.
Objectives: The aim was to contribute to the promotion of medicinal plants used in Africa for management of asthma by analyzing their experimental pharmacological evaluation data. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of the literature based on the following research equations in English and in French: « médecine traditionnelle africaine » ET « asthma » ; « African traditional medicine » AND « asthma » or « Medicine African traditional » AND « asthma » ; « plantes médicinales » ET « asthma » ET « antispasmodique » ; «medicinal plants » AND « asthma » AND « anti-spasmodic » ; « plantes médicinales » ET « asthma » ET « anti-inflammatoire » ; «medicinal plants » AND « asthma » AND « anti-inflammatory ». Results: The study revealed 184 medicinal plants used in Africa for the treatment of asthma, 34 of which showed pharmacological properties in favor of their use. In animal experiments, 18 of these plants exerted a spasmolytic effect, 22 an anti-inflammatory effect and 6 both effects. The spasmolytic activity study protocols were based primarily on inhibition of smooth airway muscle contraction, including trachea, induced by various spasmogenic agents. As for of the methods used to study anti-inflammatory activity, the majority of them consisted of tests for carrageenan-induced edema or for formalin-induced leg irritation. Conclusion: Our results justify the need for standardization of experimental study protocols for the recovery of medicinal plants.
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