Residential schools were the institutions, in operation from the 19th century to the late 20th century, which Indigenous children in Canada were forced to attend. The literature shows that many young people who attended these institutions were victims of neglect and abuse.Negative psychological effects resulting from child abuse have been amply documented.However, very few studies on this subject have been carried out among Canada's Indigenous peoples. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate, for an Indigenous population in (n = 121) reported having experienced child sexual abuse, and 34.1% (n = 117) reported having experienced child physical abuse. Results of the exact logistic regression analyses indicated that residential school attendance was linked to alcohol problems, while child abuse was related to drug use problems. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering the consequences of historical traumas related to residential schools to better understand the current situation of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.
Sexual abuse leads to short-term and long-lasting pervasive outcomes, including addictions. Among Indigenous Peoples, sexual abuse experienced in the context of residential schooling may have led to unresolved grief that is contributing to social problems, such as pathological (disordered) gambling. The aim of this study is to investigate the link between child sexual abuse, residential schooling and probable pathological gambling. The participants were 358 Indigenous persons (54.2% women) aged between 18 and 87 years, from two communities and two semi-urban centers in Quebec (Canada). Probable pathological gambling was evaluated using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and sexual abuse and residential schooling were assessed with dichotomous questions (yes/no). The results indicate an 8.7% past-year prevalence rate of pathological gambling problems among participants, which is high compared with the general Canadian population. Moreover, 35.4% were sexually abused, while 28.1% reported having been schooled in a residential setting. The results of a logistic regression also indicate that experiences of child sexual abuse and residential schooling are associated with probable pathological gambling among Indigenous Peoples. These findings underscore the importance of using an ecological approach when treating gambling, to address childhood traumas alongside current addiction problems.
Summary. A small‐plot logarithmic sprayer, similar to that described by Cialone & Bayer (1962) but using containers more easily obtainable, and operating frorn a compressed‐air source, has been designed. Its main properties are portability, ease of operating and cleaning, and low cost, both initially and in future maintenance. It is of considerable value in difficult terrain, or when only small samples of chemical are available. No mechanical agitation has been provided. It has been found that even with wettable powder suspensions, the hydraulic force of the diluent entering the concentrate bottle is sufficient to provide adequate agitation when using bottles no larger than 200 ml. Replacement bottles are readily available, almost all over the world. They are of the type sold containing proprietary beverages under pressure, the essential feature being the crown‐cap. Theoretical and actual dosage curves are very similar, and the machine has proved very useful for investigating dosage response characteristics of herbicides over the past season. Un pulvérisateur à dosage variable (logarithimique) pour petites parcelles
Les pensionnats autochtones sont des institutions ayant été en activité de la fin du 19e siècle à la fin du 20e siècle, que des enfants autochtones ont été forcés de fréquenter au Canada. Des enquêtes ont démontré que plusieurs jeunes fréquentant ces institutions y ont été victimes de négligence et de mauvais traitements. Les conséquences négatives découlant des mauvais traitements durant l’enfance ont été amplement documentées, notamment à travers les travaux de la Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada. Néanmoins, très peu d’études quantitatives ont été réalisées à ce sujet. L’objectif de cette recherche est de documenter, chez une population autochtone du Québec, les impacts associés à la fréquentation des pensionnats chez les survivants, mais également chez leurs enfants devenus adultes. Au total, 301 participants autochtones ont été rencontrés. Parmi les participants, 26,9 % ont fréquenté les pensionnats et 45,5 % ont un parent qui les a fréquentés. Les résultats indiquent que la fréquentation des pensionnats est associée à une probabilité plus élevée d’avoir vécu des traumas (agression sexuelle, agression physique, violence conjugale, etc.) dans l’enfance ou à l’âge adulte. Les résultats révèlent également que la fréquentation des pensionnats est associée à plusieurs difficultés, notamment à la consommation problématique d’alcool ou de drogues, au jeu problématique et à la détresse psychologique. Les résultats de cette étude soulignent l’importance de tenir compte des conséquences des traumatismes historiques et intergénérationnels liés aux pensionnats dans notre compréhension de la situation actuelle des peuples autochtones du Canada.
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