2 ResumenLa evaluación de las políticas públicas es un ámbito en expansión de la investigación económica aplicada y de otras múltiples disciplinas como la sociología, la ciencia política y de la administración; afecta especialmente a sectores como la sanidad, la pedagogía o la ingeniería de infraestructuras, y en general todos los que empleen directa o indirectamente recursos públicos; toma especial relevancia tras la creciente preocupación de las autoridades por mejorar la eficacia y la eficiencia del gasto. En el artículo se recoge la experiencia en este ámbito en la Unión Europea y en España. Asimismo, se destacan los principales métodos económicos para la evaluación de las políticas públicas, y se analiza la evolución de la práctica de las mismas en España, derivada principalmente del interés de la Comisión Europea por conocer los resultados de las intervenciones estructurales. El artículo pretende resumir algunas de las motivaciones de los promotores de la nueva Revista de Evaluación de Programas y Políticas Públicas para poner en marcha la misma con objeto de contribuir en el ámbito científico a mejorar la organización de la evaluación en un futuro inmediato.Palabras clave: Evaluación; Políticas públicas; Burocracia; Eficiencia; Eficacia; Análisis coste beneficio; Análisis coste eficacia; Modelos econométricos. AbstractThe evaluation of public policies is an expanding field in applied economy research and in several disciplines such as sociology, political science or management. It especially affects to sectors related to health, education or infrastructural engineering and even more those where the use of public resources become especially important after the growing concern of the authorities to improve their effectiveness and efficiency. This paper describes the experience in the evaluation of public policies in the European Union and Spain. Besides mentioning the main economic methods of evaluation are mentioned. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of the practices of public policies in the country, derived mainly from the European Commission's interest in knowing the results of structural interventions. This paper aims to summarize the motivations of the promoters of the Journal of Public Evaluation in order to contribute to the discussion and improvements of the practice of evaluation in Spain.

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approaches exclusively to water-related freshwater ecosystem services. MCDM analysis has been useful in solving conflicts and it works well in this framework, given the serious conflicts historically associated with water use and the protection of freshwater ecosystems around the world. In this study, we present a review of 150 papers that proposed the use of MCDM-based methods for the social, economic, or ecological planning and management of water ecosystem services over the period 2000–2020. The analysis accounts for six elements: ecosystem service type, method, participation, biogeographical realm, waterbody type, and problem to solve. A Chi-square test was used to identify dependence between these elements. Studies involving the participation of stakeholder groups adopted an integrated approach to analysing sustainable water management, considering provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. However, such studies have been in decline since 2015, in favour of non-participatory studies that were strictly focused on ecological and provisioning issues. Although this reflects greater concern for the health of freshwater ecosystems, it is a long way removed from the essence of ecosystem services, which entails an integrated approach to the interrelationships between hydrology, landscapes, ecology, and humans.

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Resumen: El texto describe el reciente proceso de incorporación del flamenco a las políticas de gestión cultural y a la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la UNESCO, y analiza cómo estos hitos han contribuido a la resemantización de la categoría. Se exponen los consensos y conflictos derivados de los procesos particulares de apropiación simbólica de este patrimonio inmaterial, que trasciende hacia un género artístico de proyección turística internacional.A partir de una redefinición del concepto de "patrimonio" y de un análisis de la forma social del valor, la autora presenta una propuesta metodológica clasificatoria y holística para el flamenco que permita afrontar, desde las Ciencias Sociales, las acciones de salvaguardia exigidas tras los recientes impulsos institucionales.Palabras Clave: Patrimonio, Flamenco, Política Cultural, Turismo, UNESCO. Flamenco as a patrimonial concept. Social representations and methodological approaches.Abstract: This text describes the recent process of incorporation of flamenco to culture management policies and to the representative list of UNESCO's oral and immaterial heritage. The work analyzes how these notable events have contributed to the creation of a new language in its category. It presents opinions and conflicts derived of the process related to the symbolic appropriation of this immaterial heritage, which transcends towards an artistic genre of international projection, particularly in the area of tourism.Commencing at a redefinition of the concept "heritage" and proceeding from an analysis of the structure related to social value, the author presents a methodological, clasificationary and holistic proposal towards flamenco's response to the safeguard actions required from the recent institutional impulses.

Circular economy has become in recent years one of the main strategies to achieve water sustainability and combat the effects of climate change. This study analyses the effectiveness of water reuse in Spain, as a circular economy strategy, in order to reduce the pressure on water resources used for agricultural, industrial and municipal uses. The results show that water reuse has the necessary potential to contribute to water sustainability, since a greater volume of reused water used in municipal uses reduces the volume of water collected from other sources. However, to reach this effectiveness also in the other uses, it would be necessary to increase the volume of reused water, something that Spain has certainly the capacity to carry out. Keywords: circular economy, reuse, water, scarcity, climate change

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Since 1970 when "The limits to Growth" were published by Roma Club a tran-disciplinary field of academic research has been gestating, being its goal to give answers to one of the first objectives that are on the table of all institutions around the world,-the sustainable development-. Today it's impossible to increase or even to reach a certain level of welfare without including sustainable concept and environment factor as a main element in any grow process. Environment, from the point of view of economics, has experimented a great development particularly from the field called Environmental Economics. Nowadays the subjects in which this sub discipline is based are basically focused on three elements, Asses and to give a value to the environment, to propose a new National Accountability System that to take into account the effects on the environment that the economic activity has and to look for ways for economies to growth sustainably. This article analyzes from the beginning the relationships had existed between the Economy and the environment and shows the challenges and the main environmental problems from an economic perspective