This report confirms that in areas with a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence, a high proportion of VCT clients have active pulmonary tuberculosis. The integration of tuberculosis screening offers several benefits, including the diagnosis and treatment of large numbers of individuals with tuberculosis, a decreased risk of nosocomial tuberculosis transmission, and the opportunity to provide tuberculosis prophylaxis to HIV-positive patients in whom tuberculosis has been excluded. Future studies are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of integrated tuberculosis and HIV VCT services, and whether integration should be recommended in all countries with high HIV and tuberculosis rates.

A sizable minority of children investigated by CPS subsequently live in homes with mentally or physically ill caregivers and with developmentally inadequate nurturing and stimulation. Foster homes are indistinguishable from investigated homes on the HOME-SF. Clinicians should assess the mental and physical health of caregivers and should facilitate access to appropriate resources, including parent/caregiver training programs.