BackgroundAcute intussusception is the main cause of abdominal surgical emergencies worldwide in young children, with an incidence of approximately 1 to 4 per 2,000 children. An accurate estimate of the treatment outcomes of acute intussusception in children is unknown in low-and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the clinical profile, treatment outcomes of acute intussusception and its associated factors among children admitted to Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from November 01 to 30, 2021, among children admitted and managed for acute intussusception. All medical records of children admitted and managed for acute intussusception at Hiwot Fana Specialized University hospital between January 2014 and December 2020 were included. Data were collected using pretested structured checklists through a review of medical records, entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0. Chi-square (χ2) tests were applied to determine the associated factors with treatment outcome. The statistical significance was considered at a p-value < 0.05.ResultsIn this chart review of children, 13.3% (95% CL: 11.8–14.8) died. The median age of the study participant was 13 months. The majority, 72% were male and 76% were less than 24 months old. Regarding the clinical profile; abdominal pain (94.7%), vomiting (93.3%), bloody diarrhea (70.7%), and abdominal distention (76.0%) were the most common clinical presentations. Age less than 24 months [X2 = 8.13 (df = 1); p = 0.004], preoperative vital signs [X2 = 19.21 (df = 2); p = 0.000], intraoperative findings [X2 = 18.89 (df = 1); p = 0.000], and postoperative complications [X2 = 14.60 (df = 1); p = 0.000] were significantly associated with treatment outcome of acute intussusception.ConclusionIn this chart review, the overall mortality rate in children was relatively high. One in seven children died from acute intussusception. Age less than 24 months, preoperative vital signs, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were significantly associated with acute intussusception treatment outcomes. Surgical management was the only treatment performed in all cases. Delayed presentation of patients and lack of other treatment modalities such as non-surgical interventions are serious concerns in this facility. The initiation of non-surgical reduction may reduce the need for surgical intervention-related complications, and child mortality.

Background Anemia affects more than a quarter of non-pregnant women over the globe, with Sub-Saharan Africa bearing a disproportionate share. Although the use of family planning is beneficial in reducing anemia, lack of scientific study on anemia among family planning users of reproductive-age women is notable, particularly in the study setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of anemia and associated factors in women who used family planning. Methods A cross-sectional multi-centered study was conducted from March 3 to 29, 2019, among 443 non-pregnant reproductive age (15 to 49 years) women receiving family planning services in Ambo town. Sample size was calculated using Epi-info version 7 software. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Trained data collectors collected data using a structured pretested questionnaire, as well as venous blood and stool samples. Epi-Data and SPSS were used to enter and analyze data. The effect of independent variables on the outcome variable was determined by binary logistic regression analysis with adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results This study revealed 28% (95% CI:23.9%, 32.3%) magnitude of anemia. Age of 25–35 years [AOR:2.84, 95% CI:1.74, 4.64], implantable family planning method [AOR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.96], no previous use of family planning [AOR:2.62, 95% CI: 1.62, 4.24], household food insecurity [AOR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.93], parasite infestations [AOR:2.01, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.63], and regular intake of coffee/tea within 30 minutes post meal [AOR:3.85, 95% CI:1.24, 11.92] were independently associated with anemia. Conclusion Anemia is a moderate public health concern among reproductive-age women receiving family planning services in the study area. There are missed opportunities to address the anemia burden during family planning services. This study emphasizes the importance of nutritional screening for early detection and targeted interventions for healthcare workers in reducing missed opportunities to prevent and control anemia in vulnerable populations.

Health workforces across all levels of the healthcare system are the main modulators in the effective implementation of disease surveillance system. However, their level of integrated disease surveillance response (IDSR) practice and determinant factors was hardly investigated in Ethiopia. This study determined the level of IDSR practice and associated factors among health professionals in the west Hararghe zone, eastern Oromia, Ethiopia. Methodology: A multicenter facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted between December 20, 2021, and January 10, 2022, among 297 systematically selected health professionals. Trained data collectors collected data using structured pretested selfadministered questionnaires. The level of IDSR practice was assessed using six questions where each acceptable practice was given "1" and unacceptable "0", with a total score of 0 to 6. Hence, a score above or equal to the median was categorized as good practice. Epi-data and STATA were used for data entry and analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis model with an adjusted odds ratio was used to determine the effects of independent variables on the outcome variable.

BackgroundAcute malnutrition is a major global health problem primarily affecting under-five children. In sub-Saharan Africa, children treated for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) at an inpatient have high case fatality rate and is associated with relapse of acute malnutrition after discharge from inpatient treatment programs. However, there is limited data on the rate of relapse of acute malnutrition in children after discharge from stabilization centers in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and predictors of relapse of acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months discharged from stabilization centers in Habro Woreda, Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among under-five children to determine the rate and predictors of relapse of acute malnutrition. A simple random sampling method was used to select participants. All randomly selected children aged 6–59 months discharged from stabilization centers between June 2019 and May 2020 were included. Data were collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaires and standard anthropometric measurements. The anthropometric measurements were used to determine relapse of acute malnutrition. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with relapse of acute malnutrition. An odds ratio with 95% CI was used to estimate the strength of the association and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 213 children with mothers/caregivers were included in the study. The mean age in months of children was 33.9 ± 11.4. More than half (50.7%) of the children were male. The mean duration of children after discharge was 10.9 (± 3.0 SD) months. The magnitude of relapse of acute malnutrition after discharge from stabilization centers was 36.2% (95% CI: 29.6,42.6). Several determinant factors were identified for relapse of acute malnutrition. Mid-upper arm circumference less than 110 mm at admission (AOR = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.05,7.92), absence of latrine (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.09,5.65), absence of follow-up visits after discharge (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.15,7.22), not received vitamin A supplementation in the past 6 months (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.40,8.09), household food insecurity (AOR = 4.51, 95% CI: 1.40,15.06), poor dietary diversity (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.31,7.33), and poor wealth index (AOR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.23,12.43) were significant predictors of relapse of acute malnutrition.ConclusionThe study revealed very high magnitude of relapse of acute malnutrition after discharge from nutrition stabilization centers. One in three children developed relapse after discharge in Habro Woreda. Programmers working on nutrition should design interventions that focus on improving household food insecurity through strengthened public Safety Net programs and emphasis should be given to nutrition counseling and education, as well as to continuous follow-up and periodic monitoring, especially during the first 6 months of discharge, to reduce relapse of acute malnutrition.

Background Depression among tuberculosis patients remains a significant public health concern. Its burden and severity is increasing in low-income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although it has negative impacts on quality of life, depression among tuberculosis patients is rarely studied in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of depression and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 15 to May 15, 2021, among 213 tuberculosis patients in public health facilities of the Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. Study participants were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Depression was assessed using Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Epi-data and SPSS were used for data processing and analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to determine the effects of predictors on depression. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value <0.05. Results The magnitude of depression among tuberculosis patients was 52.1% [95% CI (45.4, 58.8%)]. Patient’s age of 25–34 years [AOR = 0.31, 95% CI (0.128, 0.75)], female sex [AOR = 5.04; 95% CI (2.18, 11.62)], intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment [AOR = 2.56; 95% CI (1.118, 5.876)], HIV-positive status [AOR = 7.143; 95% CI (1.55, 32.93)], smoking history [AOR = 9.08; 95% CI (3.35, 24.61)] and having poor social support [AOR = 4.13; 95% CI (1.29, 13.22)] were factors statistically associated with depression. Conclusion In this study, the magnitude of depression was relatively high as more than half of the participants had depression. Advanced age, female sex, intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment, HIV-positive status, smoking history, and poor social support were identified as associated factors with depression. Therefore, this result calls all stakeholders to give duly emphasis on incorporating and integrating mental health support programs as routine practice in tuberculosis follow-up clinics, as screening, early detection and treatment, and training for all health care providers are very crucial in tackling depression among tuberculosis patients.