In this study, an attempt was made to utilize waste products from industries to develop composite materials. In the present study, car scrap aluminium alloy wheels (SAAWs) was used as matrix material. Waste rice husk ash (RHA) was collected from a rice mill to utilize as a primary reinforcement material. Spent alumina catalyst (SAC) waste was used as a secondary reinforcement material. SAC was collected from the oil refinery industry. These wastes produced lots of soil and air pollution. However, by utilizing these wastes, some environment pollutions can be reduced. Car scrap aluminium alloy wheels (SAAWs) based composite material was developed using RHA as primary reinforcement material and SAC as a secondary reinforcement material by stir casting technique followed by squeeze pressure on the universal testing machine (UTM) in mushy zone. Microstructure behaviour shows a uniform distribution of RHA and SAC in a recycled aluminium alloy matrix. Mechanical properties such as hardness, ductility, compressive strength and tensile strength were improved using RHA and SAC as reinforcement material simultaneously in SAAWs matrix material. Thermal expansion behaviour, soil degradation test and corrosion loss were also observed to see the effect of agro-waste RHA and SAC in recycled aluminium alloy.
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has numerous process parameters that influence the mechanical strength of parts. Hence, many optimization studies are performed using conventional tools and algorithms. Although studies have also been performed using advanced algorithms, limited research has been reported in which variants of the naked mole-rat algorithm (NMRA) are implemented for solving the optimization issues of manufacturing processes. This study was performed to scrutinize optimum parameters and their levels to attain maximum impact strength, flexural strength and tensile strength based on five different FFF process parameters. The algorithm yielded better results than other studies and successfully achieved a maximum response, which may be helpful to enhance the mechanical strength of FFF parts. The study opens a plethora of research prospects for implementing NMRA in manufacturing. Moreover, the findings may help identify critical parametric levels for the fabrication of customized products at the commercial level and help to attain the objectives of Industry 4.0.
The present investigation deals with the development of AA 5052-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) by utilizing industrial wastes, spent alumina catalyst, chrome-containing leather waste, and grinding sludge as a reinforcement material. The chrome-containing leather waste has been utilized to extract the collagen powder, which is a form of chromium oxide. The presence of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 phases in the spent alumina catalyst and grinding sludge ball-milled powder encourages its utilization as reinforcement material (in the form of Cr) for the development of MMCs. The stir-casting technique has been used to develop the aluminum-based MMC with waste spent alumina catalyst, chrome-containing leather waste, and grinding sludge. Further, results revealed that the matrix material mechanical properties compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness were significantly increased by 12.93%, 5.34%, and 31.81% after adding spent alumina catalyst, Cr, and grinding sludge with the weight percentage (wt.%) of 4.5%, 1.5%, and 4.5%, respectively, but the toughness was reduced. The microstructural investigation indicated the uniform distribution of reinforcing elements spent alumina catalyst (4.5 wt.%), GS (4.5%), and Cr (1.5%) in the aluminum matrix material. Further, the influence of given reinforcement elements on the thermal expansion and corrosion weight loss properties of aluminum alloy matrix material has also been investigated.
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