Low back pain (LBP) related disability is a big concern among the general population, especially undergraduate medical students. This study aimed to evaluate LBP-related disability in undergraduate medical students. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted within the premises of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The data was collected using an online Oswestry LBP disability questionnaire. A sample of 300 students took part from the following colleges; Riphah University Islamabad and Margalla Institute of Health and Sciences Rawalpindi, Pakistan. There were 150 medicine students (MBBS) and 150 dental students (BDS). The disability index was calculated, and results showed that 205 students had a minimum disability, 79 had a moderate disability, 16 had a severe disability, and no participants fell into the crippled or bed-bound disability category. The results of the study demonstrate that the prevalence of mild LBP-related disability is high in undergraduate students of MBBS and BDS, which might affect the activities of daily life.
A significant increase in the population in the last few decades in Pakistan has made controlling vehicular traffic an extremely challenging duty for traffic police personnel. Consequently, traffic police personnel are at risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). Therefore, the need to determine this risk is important. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WRMSDs among traffic police officers. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted within the premises of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A questionnaire was distributed to 320 traffic police personnel. Active service traffic police having job experience of more than a year were included. Pregnant women and individuals with certain pathologies were excluded from the study to make the study bias-free. Data were collected using the convenient sampling technique. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was incorporated in the survey to determine the prevalence of WRMSDs among traffic police in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, while questions related to occupation and demographic data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Most of the participants (70%) reported pain. This study reported low back (43%) as the most common region for pain, followed by the neck (31%), upper back (26%), shoulder(21%), knee(18%), ankle(13%), and wrist(7%). Traffic police have a high prevalence of WRMSDs. This study supports the need for ergonomic intervention at job sites and modifications in the fitness training of traffic police.
Background Despite its widespread use for assessing pain and disability in patients suffering from neck pain, the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) has yet to be translated and validated in Urdu. The purpose of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the NPQ into Urdu language (NPQ-U), and to investigate the NPQ-U’s psychometric properties in patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP). Methods The NPQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Urdu in accordance with the previously described guidelines. The study included 150 NSNP patients and 50 healthy participants. The NPQ-U, Urdu version of neck disability index (NDI-U), neck pain and disability scale (NPDS), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were completed by all participants on first visit. After three weeks of physical therapy, the patients completed all of the questionnaires listed above, along with the global rating of change scale. Test-retest reliability was determined on 46 randomly selected patients who completed the NPQ-U again two days after the first response. The NPQ-U was evaluated for internal consistency, content validity, construct (convergent and discriminative) validity, factor analysis, and responsiveness. Results The NPQ-U demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.96) and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). There were no floor or ceiling effects for the NPQ-U total score, indicating good content validity. A single factor was extracted, which explained 54.56% of the total variance. For convergent validity, the NPQ-U showed a strong correlation with NDI-U (r = 0.89, P < 0.001), NPDS (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), and NPRS (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). The results revealed a significant difference between patients and healthy controls in the NPQ-U total scores (P < 0.001) demonstrating significant discriminative validity. A significant difference in the NPQ-U change scores between the stable and the improved groups (P < 0.001) confirmed its responsiveness. Furthermore, the NPQ-U change score showed a moderate correlation with NPDS change score (r = 0.60, P < 0.001) and NPRS change score (r = 0.68, P < 0.001), but a strong correlation with NDI-U change score (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). Conclusion The NPQ-U is a reliable, valid, and responsive tool for assessing neck pain and disability in Urdu-speaking patients with NSNP.
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